Deschuyteneer Maud, Vandierendonck André
Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Mem Cognit. 2005 Dec;33(8):1472-83. doi: 10.3758/bf03193379.
Several studies have already shown that the central executive, as conceptualized in the working memory model of Baddeley and Hitch (1974), is important in simple mental arithmetic. Recently, attempts have been made to define more basic processes that underlie the "central executive." In this vein, monitoring, response selection, updating, mental shifting, and inhibition have been proposed as processes capturing executive control. Previous research has shown that secondary tasks that require a choice decision impair the calculation of simple sums, whereas input monitoring has not been found to be a sufficient condition to impair the calculation of sums (Deschuyteneer & Vandierendonck, 2005). In the present article, we report data on the role of input monitoring and response selection in solving simple arithmetical products. In four experiments, participants solved one-digit products (e.g., 5 x 7) in a single-task, as well as in a dual-task, condition. Just as for solving simple sums, the results show a strong involvement of response selection in the calculating of simple products, whereas input monitoring does not seem to impair the calculation of such products. These findings give additional evidence that response selection may be one of the processes needed for solving simple mental arithmetic problems.
多项研究已经表明，如巴德利和希契（1974年）工作记忆模型中所概念化的中央执行系统，在简单心算中很重要。最近，人们试图定义构成“中央执行系统”基础的更基本过程。就此而言，监控、反应选择、更新、心理转换和抑制已被提出作为捕捉执行控制的过程。先前的研究表明，需要做出选择决定的次要任务会损害简单加法的计算，而输入监控并未被发现是损害加法计算的充分条件（德舒伊特内尔和范迪耶伦东克，2005年）。在本文中，我们报告了关于输入监控和反应选择在解决简单乘法运算中作用的数据。在四项实验中，参与者在单任务以及双任务条件下解决一位数乘法（例如，5×7）。正如解决简单加法一样，结果表明反应选择在简单乘法计算中强烈参与，而输入监控似乎不会损害此类乘法的计算。这些发现进一步证明反应选择可能是解决简单心算问题所需的过程之一。
