Bendel Muriel, Kienast Felix, Rigling Daniel
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
Mycol Res. 2006 Jun;110(Pt 6):705-12. doi: 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.02.002. Epub 2006 Apr 17.
Armillaria species are plant pathogens that cause Armillaria root rot and are known to cause mortality of mountain pines (Pinus mugo) in the Swiss National Park in the Central Alps. The identity of isolates and the spatially explicit population structure of the Armillaria species were investigated in a 3.3km(2) study area in the Swiss National Park. In total, 242 Armillaria isolates, 205 from wood samples and 37 from epiphytic rhizomorphs, were collected. Species were identified using haploid-diploid pairings and genets were determined using intraspecific somatic incompatibility tests. The population structure differed markedly among the Armillaria species. A. cepistipes and A. borealis mainly occurred as genets of small spatial extent (mean 0.2ha, and 0.6ha), whereas A. ostoyae formed significantly larger genets (mean 6.8ha). The largest A. ostoyae genet extended over approx. 37ha. Several disease centres associated with Heterobasidion annosum were found to be embedded within large Armillaria genets. The extension of large A. ostoyae genets suggests that forests that occupy the study area have developed in the presence of these Armillaria genets. The finding of large Armillaria genets supports the assumption that large genets occur in areas with cold climate and little precipitation.
蜜环菌属物种是引起蜜环菌根腐病的植物病原体，已知会导致中阿尔卑斯山瑞士国家公园内的山松（欧洲山松）死亡。在瑞士国家公园一个3.3平方千米的研究区域内，对蜜环菌属物种的分离株身份及空间明确的种群结构进行了调查。总共收集了242株蜜环菌分离株，其中205株来自木材样本，37株来自附生根状菌索。通过单倍体-二倍体配对鉴定物种，并使用种内体细胞不亲和性测试确定基因系。蜜环菌属物种之间的种群结构差异显著。头状蜜环菌和北方蜜环菌主要以空间范围较小的基因系形式出现（平均0.2公顷和0.6公顷），而奥氏蜜环菌形成的基因系明显更大（平均6.8公顷）。最大的奥氏蜜环菌基因系延伸约37公顷。发现几个与多年异担子菌相关的病害中心嵌入在大型蜜环菌基因系中。大型奥氏蜜环菌基因系的存在表明，占据研究区域的森林是在这些蜜环菌基因系存在的情况下发展起来的。大型蜜环菌基因系的发现支持了大型基因系出现在寒冷气候和降水较少地区的假设。
