Fraser Cary
Int J Orthod Milwaukee. 2006 Spring;17(1):9-18.
The oral myofunctional disorder of tongue thrust has been described in various ways, such as 'deviate swallow' 'infantile swallow, and 'abnormal swallow' to name a few. The term 'tongue thrust' has been adopted, mainly because of its greater usage among authors, and since it gives a more accurate description of the lingual behavior about to be discussed. 'Tongue thrust' and 'tongue thrusting' are used in preference to 'tongue thrust swallow' or 'tongue thrust swallowing' because this behavior is generally thought to be less associated with the act of swallowing and more with the resting posture of the tongue. 'Thrust' is still an inappropriate word since the tongue is not really 'thrusting' during rest. However, it must be remembered that 'thrusting' in this instance is still a mild but continuous lingual pressure factor. The significance lies in whether or not this 'thrust, either during swallowing and other functional behaviors, or during rest, is responsible for, contributes to, or is a consequence of the development of a malocclusion.
口部肌功能紊乱的吐舌现象有多种描述方式,比如“异常吞咽”“婴儿式吞咽”以及“异常吞咽”等等。采用“吐舌”这个术语,主要是因为作者们更多地使用它,而且它能更准确地描述即将讨论的舌部行为。比起“吐舌吞咽”或“吐舌式吞咽”,更倾向使用“吐舌”和“吐舌动作”,因为这种行为通常被认为与吞咽动作的关联较小,而与舌头的休息姿势关联更大。“推”这个词仍然不太恰当,因为舌头在休息时并非真的在“推”。然而,必须记住在这种情况下“推”仍然是一个轻微但持续的舌部压力因素。关键在于这种“推”,无论是在吞咽和其他功能行为期间,还是在休息时,是否导致、促成错颌畸形的发展,或者是错颌畸形发展的结果。