Laassri Majid, Lottenbach Kathleen, Belshe Robert, Rennels Margaret, Plotkin Stanley, Chumakov Konstantin
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2006 May 15;193(10):1344-9. doi: 10.1086/503366. Epub 2006 Apr 4.
Replication of Sabin strains used in oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in the intestines of vaccine recipients leads to reversions that increase virus neurovirulence. Previously, a small study reported that prior immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) resulted in faster accumulation of revertant virus, thus potentially increasing the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. We studied the impact that prior immunization with IPV and OPV has on shedding of revertant virus by healthy infants. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified full-length poliovirus genomes directly from stool specimens from unimmunized infants and from infants previously immunized with IPV or OPV. The amplicons were used to quantify reversions in the 5'-untranslated region, using oligonucleotide microarray hybridization. Nearly all 140 samples that were PCR positive contained varying amounts of revertants of all 3 poliovirus serotypes. Polioviruses of Sabin types 2 and 3 reverted more easily than those of type 1. Prior vaccination with IPV did not increase the proportion of revertants after OPV administration.
口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）中使用的萨宾毒株在疫苗接种者肠道内复制会导致病毒发生回复突变，从而增加病毒神经毒性。此前，一项小型研究报告称，预先接种灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV）会导致回复突变病毒更快积累，从而可能增加疫苗相关麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的风险。我们研究了预先接种IPV和OPV对健康婴儿回复突变病毒排出的影响。通过聚合酶链反应（PCR），我们直接从未免疫婴儿以及先前接种过IPV或OPV的婴儿的粪便标本中扩增出全长脊髓灰质炎病毒基因组。使用寡核苷酸微阵列杂交技术，对扩增产物进行5'-非翻译区回复突变的定量分析。几乎所有140份PCR阳性样本都含有不同数量的所有3种脊髓灰质炎病毒血清型的回复突变株。萨宾2型和3型脊髓灰质炎病毒比1型更容易发生回复突变。预先接种IPV不会增加接种OPV后回复突变株的比例。
