Acute traumatic renal artery to inferior vena cava fistula treated with a covered stent.

A 34-year-old man presented within hours of suffering a penetrating stab wound and was diagnosed with a right renal artery to inferior vena cava fistula. Initial attempts at excluding the fistula with a balloon were unsuccessful. He was subsequently treated with a covered stent inserted into the right renal artery which successfully excluded the fistula.