Salam M A, Nakao R, Yonezawa H, Watanabe H, Senpuku H
Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2006 Jun;21(3):169-76. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2006.00272.x.
We investigated cellular and humoral immune responses to oral biofilm bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Streptococcus sanguinis, in NOD/SCID mice immunized with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hu-PBMC-NOD/SCID mice) to explore the pathogenicity of each of those organisms in dental and oral inflammatory diseases. hu-PBMC-NOD/SCID mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injections with the whole cells of the streptococci once a week for 3 weeks. FACS analyses were used to determine the percentages of various hu-T cell types, as well as intracellular cytokine production of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma. Serum IgG and IgM antibody levels in response to the streptococci were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. S. anginosus induced a significant amount of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in comparison with the other streptococci. However, there was no significant differences between the streptococci in interleukin-4 production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells after inoculation. Further, S. mutans significantly induced human anti-S. mutans IgG, IgG(1), IgG(2), and IgM antibodies in comparison with the other organisms. In conclusion, S. anginosus up-regulated Th1 and Tc1 cells, and S. mutans led to increasing levels of their antibodies, which was associated with the induction of Th2 cells. These results may contribute to a better understanding of human lymphocyte interactions to biofilm bacteria, along with their impact on dental and mucosal inflammatory diseases, as well as endocarditis.
我们研究了用人类外周血单核细胞免疫的NOD/SCID小鼠（hu-PBMC-NOD/SCID小鼠）对口腔生物膜细菌，包括变形链球菌、咽峡炎链球菌、远缘链球菌和血链球菌的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应，以探讨这些微生物在牙齿和口腔炎症性疾病中的致病性。hu-PBMC-NOD/SCID小鼠通过腹腔注射链球菌全细胞进行免疫，每周一次，共3周。采用流式细胞术分析来确定各种hu-T细胞类型的百分比，以及白细胞介素-4和干扰素-γ的细胞内细胞因子产生情况。还通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测定了针对链球菌的血清IgG和IgM抗体水平。与其他链球菌相比，咽峡炎链球菌在CD4(+)和CD8(+) T细胞中诱导产生了大量促炎细胞因子干扰素-γ。然而，接种后CD4(+)和CD8(+) T细胞产生白细胞介素-4的情况在链球菌之间没有显著差异。此外，与其他微生物相比，变形链球菌显著诱导产生了人类抗变形链球菌IgG、IgG(1)、IgG(2)和IgM抗体。总之，咽峡炎链球菌上调了Th1和Tc1细胞，而变形链球菌导致其抗体水平升高，这与Th2细胞的诱导有关。这些结果可能有助于更好地理解人类淋巴细胞与生物膜细菌的相互作用，以及它们对牙齿和黏膜炎症性疾病以及心内膜炎的影响。
