Crow Timothy J
Prince of Wales International Centre for SANE Research into Schizophrenia and Depression Warneford Hospital Oxford OX3 7JX, UK.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Jul;30(5):785-96. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Apr 19.
In the interaction between Psychiatry and evolutionary theory the force of the impact has not always been in one direction. The Brownes, father and son, had an influence on the development of Darwin's theory at different points in the nineteenth century. The crystallization by Miskolczy in 1933 of the concept that schizophrenia is a disorder that is specific to Homo sapiens is another example. In 1964 the formulation of the central paradox of psychosis by Huxley, Mayr and co-authors and the subsequent critique by Kuttner et al. of the solution Huxley et al. had offered opened up evolutionary approaches to aetiology. Here it is argued that a resolution of this paradox requires identification of the speciation event for modern H. sapiens and elucidation of its neuroanatomical and physiological consequences. It necessitates a saltational account of species transitions and the recognition of species-specific genetic variation. Pursuit of these objectives leads to the hypothesis that speciation events occur selectively on the heterogametic chromosome (the Y in mammals) and are followed by a phase of sexual selection to establish a new specific mate recognition system. In H. sapiens the core component of this system is the capacity for language; the nuclear symptoms of schizophrenia are necessary clues to its neural structure.
在精神病学与进化理论的相互作用中，影响的力量并非总是单向的。布朗父子在19世纪的不同时间点对达尔文理论的发展产生了影响。1933年米斯科尔齐将精神分裂症定义为人类特有的一种疾病，这是另一个例子。1964年，赫胥黎、迈尔及共同作者阐述了精神病的核心悖论，随后库特纳等人对赫胥黎等人提出的解决方案进行了批判，从而开启了病因学的进化研究方法。本文认为，解决这一悖论需要确定现代智人的物种形成事件，并阐明其神经解剖学和生理学后果。这需要对物种转变进行跳跃式解释，并认识到物种特异性的基因变异。追求这些目标会得出这样的假设：物种形成事件选择性地发生在异配染色体（哺乳动物中的Y染色体）上，随后是一个性选择阶段，以建立一个新的特定配偶识别系统。在人类中，这个系统的核心组成部分是语言能力；精神分裂症的核心症状是其神经结构的必要线索。
