Saha Archita, Gomes Aparna, Giri B, Chakravarty A K, Biswas A K, Dasgupta S C, Gomes A
Laboratory of Toxinology and Experimental Pharmacodynamics, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Apr;44(4):279-85.
Pathophysiology due to snakebite is a combined effect of various actions of the complex venom constituents. Importance of protein toxins in snake envenomation is well known. The present investigation reports the existence of nonprotein/nonpetide low molecular weight toxin in Indian King Cobra venom, which plays an important role in envenomation consequences in experimental animal models. A group of non-peptidic toxins (OH-NPT1) was isolated from Indian King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah by thin layer chromatography and silica gel column chromatography. UV, IR, NMR and (ESI) TOF-MS studies characterized the OH-NPT1 as a mixture of aliphatic acids having molecular weights 256, 326 and 340Da. The minimum lethal dose of OH-NPT1 was found to be 2.5 microg/20g (iv) and 4microg/20g (ip) in male albino mice. The cardiotoxic property of OH-NPT1 was established through studies on isolated guinea pig heart and auricle preparations, ECG studies in albino rat and estimation of LDH1/LDH and CPK-MB/CPK ratio in Swiss albino mice. Commercial antiserum failed to neutralize the lethality and cardiotoxicity of the toxin. However, calcium and magnesium effectively neutralized the lethal action.
蛇咬伤所致的病理生理学是复杂毒液成分多种作用的综合结果。蛋白质毒素在蛇伤中毒中的重要性是众所周知的。本研究报告了印度眼镜王蛇毒液中存在非蛋白质/非肽类低分子量毒素，该毒素在实验动物模型的蛇伤中毒后果中起重要作用。通过薄层色谱法和硅胶柱色谱法从印度眼镜王蛇（眼镜王蛇属）中分离出一组非肽类毒素（OH-NPT1）。紫外、红外、核磁共振和（电喷雾）飞行时间质谱研究表明，OH-NPT1是分子量为256、326和340Da的脂肪酸混合物。在雄性白化小鼠中，OH-NPT1的最小致死剂量经静脉注射为2.5微克/20克，经腹腔注射为4微克/20克。通过对离体豚鼠心脏和心房制剂的研究、白化大鼠的心电图研究以及瑞士白化小鼠中乳酸脱氢酶1/乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶MB/肌酸磷酸激酶比值的测定，证实了OH-NPT1的心脏毒性特性。商业抗血清未能中和该毒素的致死性和心脏毒性。然而，钙和镁有效地中和了其致死作用。
