Köster G, Tenhagen B-A, Scheibe N, Heuwieser W
Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Tierklinik für Fortpflanzung, AG Bestandsbetreuung und Qualitätsmanagement, Berlin, Germany.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2006 May;53(4):209-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00814.x.
The objective of this study was to examine the influences of different milking practices on cow udder health in 80 large dairy herds (range 100-1100 cows) in Brandenburg, Germany. Milking practices were evaluated during one complete milking using a standardized data capture form. The somatic cell count (SCC) of all lactating cows on each farm was determined monthly by the local milk recording association 'Landeskontrollverband Brandenburg'. Factor analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the different aspects of the milking practices. The components extracted by the factor analysis were examined for their influence on the SCC of the current month (CMSCC) and the year before the visit (YASCC) using univariate analysis of variance. Three components were extracted from the milking practices. 'Reasonable use of water' was significantly related to CMSCC (P = 0.019) and YASCC (P = 0.003). It included information on the use of a hose to clean udders before milking, cleaning of the floor between groups and use of water to clean teats. 'Attention of the milkers' was also significantly associated with CMSCC (P = 0.012) and YASCC (P = 0.014). It included information on the accuracy of mastitis detection by foremilk screening and the regular use of post-milking teat and cluster disinfection. The component 'preparation routines' (method of udder cleaning and forestripping) did not significantly influence CMSCC and YASCC. These results indicate that excessive use of water in the parlour during milking time is harmful to udder health and that the consistency of procedures in the milking parlour presents significant room for improvement in large dairy herds in Brandenburg.
本研究的目的是考察不同挤奶方式对德国勃兰登堡州80个大型奶牛场（奶牛数量在100 - 1100头之间）奶牛乳房健康的影响。在一次完整的挤奶过程中，使用标准化的数据采集表对挤奶方式进行评估。每个农场所有泌乳奶牛的体细胞计数（SCC）由当地的牛奶记录协会“Landeskontrollverband Brandenburg”每月测定一次。采用因子分析来研究挤奶方式不同方面之间的关系。使用单因素方差分析，考察因子分析提取的成分对当月体细胞计数（CMSCC）和访查前一年体细胞计数（YASCC）的影响。从挤奶方式中提取出三个成分。“合理用水”与CMSCC（P = 0.019）和YASCC（P = 0.003）显著相关。它包括挤奶前用软管清洁乳房、组间地面清洁以及用水清洁乳头的相关信息。“挤奶工的关注度”也与CMSCC（P = 0.012）和YASCC（P = 0.014）显著相关。它包括通过前奶筛查检测乳腺炎的准确性以及挤奶后定期进行乳头和奶杯组消毒的相关信息。“准备程序”（乳房清洁和预挤奶方法）这一成分对CMSCC和YASCC没有显著影响。这些结果表明，挤奶期间挤奶厅过度用水对乳房健康有害，并且挤奶厅程序的一致性在勃兰登堡州的大型奶牛场中有显著的改进空间。
