Naeem Iyad, Naqvi Baqir S, Hashmi Khursheed, Gauhar Shahnaz
Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Pak J Pharm Sci. 2006 Jan;19(1):52-7.
Hospital acquired infections are transmitted to patients by hospital personnel and other patients, or they may arise from patient's own endogenous flora. Children are one of the most susceptible subjects associated in the hospital-acquired infections and have a higher prevalence rate for infections. This problem is at its extremes in developing countries like Pakistan where in most of cases the severity depends on the hygienic conditions of the Hospitals and lack or lapse of infection control measures. To have a surveillance type of data in this regard, one hundred and twenty four isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa/Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Klebsiella species, that are commonest among the nosocomial infection causing organisms, were collected from pediatric hospital settings in Karachi. A study of incidence and resistance pattern by Kirby Baur disc diffusion method, with selected antimicrobials, was carried out. These isolates were resistant against most antimicrobials tested. Drugs like mmipenem, meropenem, amikacin, vancomycin (especially in MRSA or BRSA), Fucidic acid (for burns and other infections) and some of the 3rd generation cephalosporins were found quite effective.
医院获得性感染可通过医院工作人员和其他患者传播给患者，也可能源于患者自身的内源性菌群。儿童是医院获得性感染中最易感染的群体之一，感染患病率较高。在巴基斯坦等发展中国家，这个问题尤为严重，在大多数情况下，感染的严重程度取决于医院的卫生条件以及感染控制措施的缺失或疏漏。为了获得这方面的监测数据，从卡拉奇的儿科医院收集了124株铜绿假单胞菌/假单胞菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌（耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌/甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌）和克雷伯菌属菌株，这些是医院感染致病微生物中最常见的菌种。采用Kirby Baur纸片扩散法，选用特定抗菌药物，对其发病率和耐药模式进行了研究。这些分离株对大多数测试抗菌药物具有耐药性。发现美罗培南、亚胺培南、阿米卡星、万古霉素（尤其是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌或耐苯唑西林金黄色葡萄球菌）、夫西地酸（用于烧伤和其他感染）以及一些第三代头孢菌素等药物相当有效。
