Tsal Yehoshua, Makovski Tal
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2006 Apr;32(2):351-63. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.32.2.351.
The authors devised a prestimulus-probe method to assess the allocation of attention as a function of participants' top-down expectancies concerning distractor and target locations. Participants performed the flanker task, and distractor locations remained fixed. On some trials, instead of the flanker display, either 2 simultaneous dots or a horizontal line appeared. The dot in the expected distractor location was perceived to occur before the dot in the expected empty location, and the line appeared to extend from the expected distractor location to the expected empty location, suggesting that attention is allocated to expected distractor locations prior to stimulus onset. The authors propose that a process-all mechanism guides attention to expected locations of all stimuli regardless of task demands and that this constitutes a major cause for failures of selective attention.
作者设计了一种刺激前探测方法，以根据参与者对干扰物和目标位置的自上而下的预期来评估注意力分配情况。参与者执行侧翼任务，干扰物位置保持固定。在某些试验中，不是呈现侧翼显示，而是同时出现两个点或一条水平线。预期干扰物位置的点被感知为比预期空位置的点先出现，并且线似乎从预期干扰物位置延伸到预期空位置，这表明在刺激开始之前注意力就被分配到预期干扰物位置。作者提出，一种全进程机制会将注意力引导至所有刺激的预期位置，而不论任务要求如何，并且这是选择性注意力失败的一个主要原因。
