Rampazzo Antonella, Eule Corinna, Speier Sandra, Grest Paula, Spiess Bernhard
Department for Small Animals, Ophthalmology Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2006 May-Jun;9(3):149-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00455.x.
The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying scleral rupture as a result of blunt trauma in dogs, cats, and horses. ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three horses diagnosed with scleral rupture resulting from blunt trauma. B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes.
In small animals, 80% presented hyphema, 60% subconjunctival hemorrhage, and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In horses, 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% hyphema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, scleral rupture location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In horses, the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of hemorrhage in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), retinal detachment (94%), choroidal edema and hemorrhages (88%), and choroidal detachment as a result of suprachoroidal hemorrhage (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two horses. In small animals, rupture location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1).
The most frequent clinical signs observed were hyphema, subconjunctival hemorrhage, and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for scleral rupture were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: hemorrhage into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and suprachoroidal hemorrhage leading to retinal and choroidal detachment, respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for scleral rupture were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in horses it was the limbus.
本回顾性研究的目的是总结犬、猫和马因钝性外伤导致巩膜破裂时最常见的临床体征、超声检查及组织学表现。
30只小动物和3匹马被诊断为钝性外伤导致巩膜破裂。对20只动物进行了B型超声检查。对18只摘除的眼球进行了组织病理学检查。
在小动物中，80%出现前房积血，60%出现结膜下出血，53%出现眼睑和结膜肿胀。在马中，100%出现眼睑和结膜肿胀，67%出现前房积血、结膜下出血和前房塌陷。超声检查结果为巩膜边缘不清的区域（90%），前房和后房（55%）以及玻璃体（80%）内有回声/高回声内容物。在小动物中，大体检查发现的巩膜破裂位置为：后极部（4例）、靠近视神经（3例）、角膜缘附近（2例）和眼球背侧（1例）。在马中，病变位于角膜缘（3例）。在小动物中，组织病理学显示前房、后房和玻璃体内有出血（94%）、视网膜脱离（94%）、脉络膜水肿和出血（88%）以及脉络膜上腔出血导致的脉络膜脱离（88%）。在两匹马的眼球中也发现了同样的病变。在小动物中，组织病理学发现的破裂位置为：后极部（8例）、靠近视神经（4例）、角膜缘附近（1例）、睫状体附近（1例）。
观察到的最常见临床体征为前房积血、结膜下出血以及眼睑和结膜肿胀。提示巩膜破裂的超声检查结果为巩膜边界不清和/或眼腔内有回声/高回声物质。在组织病理学上，严重改变眼结构解剖的病变为：眼房内出血、视网膜下和脉络膜上腔出血，分别导致视网膜和脉络膜脱离。在小动物中，巩膜破裂最常见的位置是后极部和靠近视神经处，而在马中则是角膜缘。
