Sharifi-Tehrani A, Shakiba M, Okhovat M, Zakeri Z
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2005;70(3):189-92.
Charcoal rot caused by Tiarosporella phaseolina (Tassi) Van der Aa is an important disease of soybean in Gorgan province of Iran. Experiments were carried out with 95 bactenal isolates that were collected from the rhizosphere of soybean plant. Among these bacteria only 50 isolates showed antagonistic effect on Tiarosporella phaseolina using dual culture test. Six highly effective bacteria were selected for subsequent studies. Based on biochemical physiological and morphological tests, isolates Pf-12 and Pf-63 were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, isolates B-13, B-42,B-126 and B-84 as Bacillus subtilis. The isolates of P. fluorescens produced antibiotics as well as volatile metabolites that inhibited mycelial growth of fungus. Bacillus subtilis isolates inhibited the fungal growth through volatile and non-volatile metabolites production. Only P. fluorescens isolates produced hydrogen cyanide. In greenhouse studies, the isolates B-13 and B-126 reduced 59% and 66% the intensity of charcoal rot of soybean respectively. The combinations of isolates B-13 and B-126 were also effective on reducing the intensity of disease.
由菜豆小球腔菌（Tassi）范德阿（Tiarosporella phaseolina (Tassi) Van der Aa）引起的炭腐病是伊朗戈尔甘省大豆的一种重要病害。对从大豆植株根际收集的95株细菌分离物进行了实验。在这些细菌中，只有50株分离物通过对峙培养试验对菜豆小球腔菌表现出拮抗作用。选择了6株高效细菌进行后续研究。根据生化生理和形态学试验，分离物Pf-12和Pf-63被鉴定为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens），分离物B-13、B-42、B-126和B-84被鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。荧光假单胞菌的分离物产生抗生素以及抑制真菌菌丝生长的挥发性代谢产物。枯草芽孢杆菌的分离物通过产生挥发性和非挥发性代谢产物抑制真菌生长。只有荧光假单胞菌的分离物产生氰化氢。在温室研究中，分离物B-13和B-126分别使大豆炭腐病的发病强度降低了59%和66%。分离物B-13和B-126的组合对降低病害强度也有效。
