Schulze Beate, Rössler Wulf
Public Mental Health Research Division, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;18(6):684-91. doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000179504.87613.00.
This review summarizes recent evidence on caregiver burden in mental illness. It examines how the field has advanced in terms of measurement, results, and interventions in 2004/2005, and identifies potential for further studies.
Burden has been studied in a much wider spectrum of diagnostic groups and types of caregivers, some brief and practical assessment tools have become available, cultural aspects of burden are better understood, and a high potential for caregiver appraisal to prevent negative consequences of burden has been identified. Recent findings afford a more comprehensive understanding of the caregiving situation and its outcomes, and may find a practical application in devising effective support strategies for family carers, which still seem to be lacking.
Substantial progress has been made in the measurement of caregiver burden. In terms of publication quantity, the field is growing rapidly, and international interest in the area is increasing. Improvements in methodological quality are also evident. These new research developments may be taken to reflect an increasing recognition of the contribution of families-away from stigma, shame, and blame. This requires accepting relatives as caregiving experts and as genuine partners in both psychiatric practice and research.
本综述总结了近期关于精神疾病患者照料者负担的证据。探讨了该领域在2004/2005年期间在测量、结果和干预方面取得的进展，并确定了进一步研究的潜力。
照料者负担已在更广泛的诊断组和照料者类型中进行了研究，一些简短实用的评估工具已经出现，对负担的文化层面有了更好的理解，并且发现照料者评估在预防负担负面影响方面具有很大潜力。近期的研究发现使人们能更全面地了解照料情况及其结果，可能会在为家庭照料者设计有效的支持策略方面得到实际应用，而目前这方面的策略似乎仍很缺乏。
在照料者负担的测量方面已取得显著进展。从发表数量来看，该领域正在迅速发展，国际上对这一领域的关注也在增加。方法学质量的提高也很明显。这些新的研究进展可能反映出人们越来越认识到家庭的贡献——摆脱了污名、羞耻和指责。这需要将亲属视为照料专家以及精神科实践和研究中的真正伙伴。
