Melrose Heather L, Lincoln Sarah J, Tyndall Glenn M, Farrer Matthew J
Department of Neuroscience, Genetics of Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, Morris K. Udall Parkinson' Disease Research Center of Excellence, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2006 Aug;173(2):196-204. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0461-3. Epub 2006 Apr 26.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology that results from genetic risk factors, environmental exposures and most likely a combination of both. Rodent models of parkinsonism aim to reproduce key pathogenic features of the syndrome including movement disorder induced by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, accompanied by the formation of alpha-synuclein containing Lewy body inclusions. Despite the creation of many excellent models, both chemically induced and genetically engineered, there is none that accurately demonstrates these features. Recent pathological staging studies in man have also emphasized the significant non-CNS component of PD that has yet to be tackled. Herein, we summarize rodent models of PD and what they offer to the field, and suggest future challenges and opportunities.
帕金森病（PD）是一种多因素疾病，病因复杂，由遗传风险因素、环境暴露以及两者的综合作用导致。帕金森病的啮齿动物模型旨在重现该综合征的关键致病特征，包括黑质中多巴胺能神经元逐渐丧失所引发的运动障碍，同时伴有含α-突触核蛋白的路易小体包涵体的形成。尽管已经创建了许多优秀的模型，包括化学诱导模型和基因工程模型，但没有一个能准确展示这些特征。最近对人类的病理分期研究也强调了帕金森病尚未得到解决的重要非中枢神经系统成分。在此，我们总结帕金森病的啮齿动物模型及其为该领域带来的贡献，并提出未来的挑战和机遇。
