Regensburger Martin, Prots Iryna, Winner Beate
IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany ; Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
IZKF Junior Research Group and BMBF Research Group Neuroscience, IZKF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuernberg (FAU), Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Neural Plast. 2014;2014:454696. doi: 10.1155/2014/454696. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
In Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, chronic neurodegeneration occurs within different areas of the central nervous system leading to progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms. The symptomatic treatment options that are currently available do not slow or halt disease progression. This highlights the need of a better understanding of disease mechanisms and disease models. The generation of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus and in the subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system is affected by many different regulators and possibly involved in memory processing, depression, and olfaction, symptoms which commonly occur in PD. The pathology of the adult neurogenic niches in human PD patients is still mostly elusive, but different preclinical models have shown profound alterations of adult neurogenesis. Alterations in stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival as well as neurite outgrowth and spine formation have been related to different aspects in PD pathogenesis. Therefore, neurogenesis in the adult brain provides an ideal model to study disease mechanisms and compounds. In addition, adult newborn neurons have been proposed as a source of endogenous repair. Herein, we review current knowledge about the adult neurogenic niches in PD and highlight areas of future research.
在帕金森病（PD）和其他突触核蛋白病中，慢性神经退行性变发生在中枢神经系统的不同区域，导致进行性运动和非运动症状。目前可用的对症治疗方案并不能减缓或阻止疾病进展。这凸显了更好地理解疾病机制和疾病模型的必要性。成体海马体以及脑室下区/嗅球系统中新生神经元的产生受多种不同调节因子的影响，并可能参与记忆处理、抑郁和嗅觉，这些症状在PD中很常见。人类PD患者成体神经发生微环境的病理学仍大多难以捉摸，但不同的临床前模型已显示成体神经发生有深刻改变。干细胞增殖、分化和存活以及神经突生长和棘突形成的改变与PD发病机制的不同方面有关。因此，成体大脑中的神经发生为研究疾病机制和化合物提供了理想模型。此外，成体新生神经元已被提议作为内源性修复的来源。在此，我们综述了目前关于PD中成体神经发生微环境的知识，并强调了未来研究的领域。
