Horwitz Leonard
Greater Kansas City Psychoanalytic Institute, MO 64112, USA.
Int J Group Psychother. 2006 Apr;56(2):221-44. doi: 10.1521/ijgp.2006.56.2.221.
Despite the skepticism and indifference to group psychotherapy that existed in the 1950s and 1960s within the psychoanalytic community in general and among the staff and administration of the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas in particular, a few clinicians there forged ahead in pursuit of incorporating this modality as an accepted treatment. After gaining some acceptance first in the hospital, we experienced a slow rate of growth, except with our trainees who were generally enthusiastic about group work. Many of them were intrigued first by their exposure to the group dynamics seminars and later by the didactic courses and supervised group work that eventually came to be required by the accrediting body for residency programs of the American Psychiatric Association. Visiting senior consultants and teachers, mainly associated with the American Group Psychotherapy Association, as well as an esteemed clinician from the Tavistock Clinic, also lent credibility and legitimacy to our effort. When group treatment began to be adopted by units of the Menninger Hospital in the early 1970s, there was a significant sea change in the attitude of the organization and group psychotherapy became a well established modality.
尽管在20世纪50年代和60年代，整个精神分析学界，尤其是堪萨斯州托皮卡市门宁格诊所的工作人员和管理层，对团体心理治疗持怀疑和冷漠态度，但那里的一些临床医生仍勇往直前，致力于将这种治疗方式纳入被认可的治疗方法之中。在首先获得医院内部的一些认可之后，我们的发展速度较为缓慢，不过我们的实习生除外，他们总体上对团体治疗工作充满热情。他们中的许多人首先被团体动力研讨会所吸引，后来又对教学课程以及最终被美国精神病学协会住院医师培训项目认证机构要求的团体治疗督导工作感兴趣。主要与美国团体心理治疗协会相关的来访高级顾问和教师，以及一位来自塔维斯托克诊所的知名临床医生，也为我们的努力增添了可信度和合理性。20世纪70年代初，当团体治疗开始被门宁格医院各科室采用时，该机构的态度发生了重大转变，团体心理治疗成为一种成熟的治疗方式。
