Wróblewska Marta
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control Team, Medical University of Warsaw, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2006 Mar-Apr;54(2):113-20. doi: 10.1007/s00005-006-0012-4. Epub 2006 Mar 24.
Gram-negative non-fermenting bacilli, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., are important opportunistic pathogens in hosppitalized patients, contributing to their morbidity and mortality. Recently, a rapid increase in frequency of multidrug-resistant clinical strains is being recorded, making the available therapeutic options very limited. Apart from the development of novel classes of antimicrobials, there is renewed interest in the use of old agents or new combinations of available drugs. Numerous in vitro investigations have been reported on the efficacy of different antimicrobials; however, they should be evaluated in experimental infection models and clinical trials. Novel approaches are being investigated, such as inhibition of virulence factor expression by pathogens or inhibition of their metabolic pathways. The use of bacteriophages, particularly those genetically modified, remains an alternative option in the therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant strains. Several vaccines against P. aeruginosa are under development. Apart from therapy with antimicrobial agents, eradication of outbreaks comprises implementation of strict infection control measures and prudent use of antimicrobials.
革兰氏阴性非发酵菌，尤其是铜绿假单胞菌和不动杆菌属，是住院患者重要的机会致病菌，可导致患者发病和死亡。最近，耐多药临床菌株的频率迅速增加，使得可用的治疗选择非常有限。除了开发新型抗菌药物外，人们对使用旧药或现有药物的新组合重新产生了兴趣。关于不同抗菌药物疗效的体外研究已有大量报道；然而，它们应在实验感染模型和临床试验中进行评估。正在研究新的方法，例如抑制病原体毒力因子的表达或抑制其代谢途径。噬菌体的使用，特别是那些经过基因改造的噬菌体，仍然是治疗耐多药菌株引起的感染的一种替代选择。几种针对铜绿假单胞菌的疫苗正在研发中。除了使用抗菌药物进行治疗外，根除疫情还包括实施严格的感染控制措施和谨慎使用抗菌药物。
