Kozak Megan N, Marsh Abigail A, Wegner Daniel M
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2006 Apr;90(4):543-55. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.90.4.543.
The authors examined how a perceiver's identification of a target person's actions co-varies with attributions of mind to the target. The authors found in Study 1 that the attribution of intentionality and cognition to a target was associated with identifying the target's action in terms of high-level effects rather than low-level details. In Study 2, both action identification and mind attribution were greater for a liked target, and in Study 3, they were reduced for a target suffering misfortune. In Study 4, it was again found that action identification and mind attribution were greater for a liked target, but like that for the self or a liked other, positive actions were identified at higher levels than negative actions, with the reverse being true for disliked others. In Study 5, the authors found that instructing participants to adopt the target's perspective did not affect mind attribution but did lead to higher level identifications of the target's actions.
作者们研究了感知者对目标人物行为的识别如何与对目标的心理归因共同变化。作者们在研究1中发现,对目标的意向性和认知归因与从高层次效果而非低层次细节来识别目标的行为相关。在研究2中,对受喜爱的目标的行为识别和心理归因都更强,而在研究3中,对于遭遇不幸的目标,两者都有所降低。在研究4中,再次发现对受喜爱的目标的行为识别和心理归因更强,但与对自己或受喜爱的他人一样,积极行为比消极行为能在更高层次上被识别,而对于不受喜爱的他人则相反。在研究5中,作者们发现指示参与者采用目标的视角并不会影响心理归因,但确实会导致对目标行为的更高层次识别。