Badr S A, Hartmann H T, Martin G C
Department of Pomology, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
Plant Physiol. 1970 Nov;46(5):674-9. doi: 10.1104/pp.46.5.674.
Comparative analyses of reproductive and vegetative tissues of the olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Manzanillo) for endogenous hormones, particularly inhibitors and gibberellin like substances, were made to study the relation between such hormones and thermoinduction of flowering. Qualitative and quantitative changes in gibberellin-like subtance(s) were observed in lateral buds (potential flower buds) but not in leaves or terminal buds (potential vegetative buds) sampled from orchard trees at intervals during the winter and spring. At least two types of gibberellin-like substances were found in extracts of lateral buds; their levels increased progressively during the low temperature induction period, reaching a maximum shortly before floral initiation. Two types of inhibitors were extracted from buds and leaves. A nonacidic type did not change during the induction stage but decreased considerably during the initiation period. An acidic inhibitor, which was identified as an abscisic acid-like substance, was present at a relatively lower level in lateral (flower) buds than in terminal (vegetative) buds during the induction period.It was concluded that winter chilling induces flowering in the olive possibly by altering a balance between endogenous gibberellins and inhibitors, including abscisic acid.Inflorescence development following the winter chilling period was associated with an increase in the level of endogenous inhibitors and gibberellins. Shoot growth, however, was correlated with a decrease in the inhibitor(s) level. A rise in gibberellin-like activity is believed to be a result, not a cause, of shoot growth.
对油橄榄（油橄榄属欧洲油橄榄L. cv. 曼萨尼约）的生殖组织和营养组织进行了内源激素的比较分析，特别是抑制剂和类赤霉素物质，以研究这些激素与开花的热诱导之间的关系。在冬季和春季期间，定期从果园树木上采集的侧芽（潜在花芽）中观察到类赤霉素物质的定性和定量变化，但在叶片或顶芽（潜在营养芽）中未观察到。侧芽提取物中至少发现了两种类赤霉素物质；它们的水平在低温诱导期逐渐增加，在花芽分化前不久达到最大值。从芽和叶中提取了两种抑制剂。一种非酸性类型在诱导阶段没有变化，但在起始期显著下降。一种酸性抑制剂被鉴定为脱落酸样物质，在诱导期，侧芽（花芽）中的含量相对低于顶芽（营养芽）。得出的结论是，冬季低温可能通过改变内源赤霉素和抑制剂（包括脱落酸）之间的平衡来诱导油橄榄开花。冬季低温期后的花序发育与内源抑制剂和赤霉素水平的增加有关。然而，新梢生长与抑制剂水平的降低相关。类赤霉素活性的增加被认为是新梢生长的结果，而不是原因。
