5-Oxoprolinase (l-Pyroglutamate Hydrolase) in Higher Plants: Partial Purification and Characterization of the Wheat Germ Enzyme.

5-Oxoprolinase has been found to be widely distributed in higher plants. This enzyme catalyzes the ATP-dependent hydrolysis of 5-oxo-l-proline (l-pyrollidone carboxylate, l-pyroglutamate) to glutamate. The enzyme has been purified almost 60 fold from wheat germ (Triticum aestivum L). This enzyme requires a divalent cation, either Mn(2+) or Mg(2+), and a combination of both appears to be the most effective. There is also an absolute requirement for a monovalent cation best fulfilled by either NH(4) (+) or K(+). The K(m) for ATP is 0.4 mm and for 5-oxo-l-proline is 14 mum. A small amount of activity is observed when other purine nucleotides such as ITP and GTP replace ATP. The substitution of the pyrimidine nucleotides CTP and UTP for ATP yield almost completely inactive preparations. The enzyme appears to have an active sulfhydryl group since there is an increase in activity in the presence of dithioerythritol. Preincubation with reagents such as N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide lead to complete inactivation. The presence of this enzyme leads to the speculation of the possible presence of a gamma-glutamyl cycle in higher plants.