The regulatory context for public education.

The provision of special education and related services in public schools involves the intertwining of federal, state, and local laws, regulations, other levels of policy, and practices. Such a multilayered system can obviously lead to misunderstanding and misinformation regarding school-based services, creating challenges in terms of implementation and advocacy. However, by determining the source of the requirements and the intent of the laws, it is possible not only to remain in compliance with mandates but also to influence implementation decisions and improvements that will ultimately be in the best interest of students. Educators must identify and analyze the source and intentions of requirements, understand the responsibilities of states and localities, and when necessary, identify vehicles for advocating for change. This article provides information regarding major federal mandates that affect public education, with comments specific to speech-language services in the schools.