Ridenour Ty A, Lanza Stephanie T, Donny Eric C, Clark Duncan B
The Pennsylvania State University, Prevention Research Center, State College 16801, United States.
Addict Behav. 2006 Jun;31(6):962-83. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.03.015. Epub 2006 May 4.
The present study examined Lengths Of Times for important transitions in substance involvement from Initiation to Regular use (LOTIR), first Problem from drug use (LOTIP), and first experience of Dependence (LOTID) for alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, and opiates. Data were from a longitudinal study of 590 children (22.2% female) at different levels of risk for substance use disorders based on their fathers' substance use-related diagnoses. Participants' substance involvement was assessed at four ages: 10-12, and follow-ups at two, five, and eight years later. Results suggested that faster transitions were more due to drug-related constructs (including possible social milieus of different drug classes and interactions between drug class and neurophysiology) than intrapersonal constructs. The shortest transition times (and greatest addictive liabilities) were for opiates followed respectively by cocaine, cannabis, tobacco, and alcohol. Females had shorter transition times, though gender differences were small. Some evidence was found for a familial influence on transition times above what was accounted for by differences between substances.
本研究考察了酒精、烟草、大麻、可卡因和阿片类物质从开始使用到经常使用的重要转变时长（LOTIR）、首次药物使用问题时长（LOTIP）以及首次成瘾经历时长（LOTID）。数据来自一项对590名儿童（22.2%为女性）的纵向研究，这些儿童因父亲与物质使用相关的诊断而处于不同程度的物质使用障碍风险中。在四个年龄段对参与者的物质使用情况进行评估：10 - 12岁，以及两年、五年和八年后的随访。结果表明，与个人因素相比，更快的转变更多是由于与药物相关的因素（包括不同药物种类可能的社会环境以及药物种类与神经生理学之间的相互作用）。转变时间最短（成瘾倾向最大）的是阿片类物质，其次是可卡因、大麻、烟草和酒精。女性的转变时间较短，不过性别差异较小。发现了一些证据表明，家庭因素对转变时间有影响，超出了物质差异所能解释的范围。
