Esbaugh A J, Tufts B L
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006 Nov;154(1-2):185-98. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2006.03.007. Epub 2006 May 6.
Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration/dehydration of carbon dioxide. To date, 16 different CA isozymes have been identified in mammals, and several novel isozymes have also been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates. These isozymes are involved in many physiological processes; however, one of the most important roles is facilitating the transport and subsequent excretion of carbon dioxide. As such, CA isozymes are found at virtually every step of the process, including the metabolic site of CO(2) production (muscle), the circulating red blood cells, and the primary respiratory surface (gills/lungs). This review will examine the structural characteristics that are integral to CAs participation in respiration, as well as highlight the specific roles and tissues that the different CA isozymes are involved in.
碳酸酐酶是一种普遍存在的金属酶，可催化二氧化碳的可逆水合/脱水反应。迄今为止，已在哺乳动物中鉴定出16种不同的碳酸酐酶同工酶，在非哺乳动物脊椎动物中也鉴定出了几种新的同工酶。这些同工酶参与许多生理过程；然而，其中最重要的作用之一是促进二氧化碳的运输和随后的排泄。因此，在这个过程的几乎每一步都能发现碳酸酐酶同工酶，包括二氧化碳产生的代谢部位（肌肉）、循环中的红细胞以及主要呼吸表面（鳃/肺）。本综述将研究碳酸酐酶参与呼吸作用所必需的结构特征，并突出不同碳酸酐酶同工酶所涉及的具体作用和组织。
