Dahlin L B
Department of Hand Surgery, Malmö General Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1991 Jan;2(1):21-9.
The microanatomy of the neuron and the peripheral nerve, which is a composite tissue, should be considered when discussing the pathophysiology of nerve compression injuries. Acute and chronic compression of peripheral nerve can induce changes in intraneural microcirculation and nerve fiber structure, increase vascular permeability with subsequent edema formation, and impair anterograde and retrograde axonal transport, which all contribute to the clinical symptoms and deterioration of nerve function. Morphologic and functional changes in the nerve cell bodies can be observed after compression which may be due to inhibition of axonal transport. The latter findings might be a theoretical explanation for double crush syndromes. Diabetes mellitus may confer on the peripheral nerve an increased susceptibility to compression injuries. Clinical stages of compression syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, may be related to specific pathophysiologic events occurring in the nerve.
在讨论神经压迫损伤的病理生理学过程时，应考虑神经元以及作为复合组织的周围神经的微观解剖结构。周围神经的急性和慢性压迫可导致神经内微循环和神经纤维结构的改变，增加血管通透性并随后形成水肿，还会损害轴突的顺向和逆向运输，所有这些都会导致临床症状和神经功能的恶化。压迫后可观察到神经细胞体的形态和功能变化，这可能是由于轴突运输受到抑制所致。后一种发现可能是对双卡综合征的一种理论解释。糖尿病可能会使周围神经对压迫损伤的易感性增加。诸如腕管综合征等压迫综合征的临床阶段可能与神经中发生的特定病理生理事件有关。
