A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of irofulven and cisplatin administered in a 30-min infusion every two weeks to patients with advanced solid tumors.

BACKGROUND

To determine maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended dose, safety and pharmacokinetics of irofulven combined with cisplatin in advanced solid tumor patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Cisplatin and irofulven were given sequentially i.v. over 30 min on day 1 and 15 every 4 weeks. Four dose levels (DL) were explored: irofulven (mg/kg)/cisplatin (mg/m2): DL1: 0.3/30; DL2: 0.4/30; DL3: 0.4/40; DL4: 0.5/40. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) included dosing omission and delay > 1 week. MTD was the DL with DLT in 2/2 or > or = 2/6 patients during cycle 1-2.

RESULTS

Between March 2002 and April 2003, 33 patients were treated. DLT occurred in 1/6 patients in DL1 (hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia); 1/6 in DL2 (thrombocytopenia); 2 heavily pretreated patients out of 6 patients in DL3 (neutropenic infection, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis); 2/3 in DL4 (asthenia, blurred vision). Three DLT occurred in 12 additional patients treated at DL2. No toxic deaths occurred; grade 4 toxicity and grade 3 non-hematological toxicity were infrequent. Six patients reported grade 1-2 visual events. Antitumor activity was observed over a broad spectrum of tumor types in all DLs: 1 partial response in bulky sarcoma (DL1); 1 clinical response in endometrial carcinoma (DL1); 2 partial responses not confirmed due to discontinuation (ovarian DL2, renal DL4); 8 stabilizations > 3 months; PSA response: 3/9 prostate cancer patients. Irofulven showed rapid elimination and high interpatient variability. Platinum and irofulven pharmacokinetics did not suggest drug-drug interactions.

CONCLUSION

Irofulven with cisplatin was adequately tolerated and substantial evidence of antitumor activity was observed. The recommended dose is irofulven 0.4 mg/kg and cisplatin 30 mg/m2.