Cogen P H
Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.
Pediatr Neurosurg. 1991;17(5):245-50. doi: 10.1159/000120605.
Molecular genetic analysis of several common cancers has yielded information concerning their etiology and prognosis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) studies showing consistent loss of specific DNA sequences in tumor tissue have identified genes, known as tumor suppressors, associated with the etiology of neoplasms of the adult colon, breast, lung, and brain. For several of these tumors, identifiable mutations of these genes in association with multiple chromosomal losses have been linked to a poor clinical outcome. Using RFLP and other techniques, we have determined that one or more tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 17p is involved in the etiology of both medulloblastoma and astrocytoma in children. Loss of chromosome 17p sequences is indicative of prognosis negative for these children. Molecular genetic data therefore supplement and in some cases surpass clinical criteria in predicting prognosis for these childhood tumors.
对几种常见癌症的分子遗传学分析已得出有关其病因和预后的信息。限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）研究表明肿瘤组织中特定DNA序列持续缺失，从而确定了与成人结肠、乳腺、肺和脑肿瘤病因相关的基因，即肿瘤抑制基因。对于其中几种肿瘤，这些基因的可识别突变与多条染色体缺失相关，已被证明与不良临床结果有关。利用RFLP和其他技术，我们已确定17号染色体短臂上的一个或多个肿瘤抑制基因参与儿童髓母细胞瘤和星形细胞瘤的病因。17号染色体短臂序列的缺失表明这些儿童的预后不良。因此，分子遗传学数据在预测这些儿童肿瘤的预后方面补充了临床标准，在某些情况下甚至超越了临床标准。
