Mita Kazuaki, Higashino Haruyuki, Yoshikado Hiroshi, Nakanishi Junko
Research Center for Chemical Risk Management, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Environ Sci. 2006;13(1):1-13.
A detailed assessment of 1,3-butadiene exposure was performed for the purpose of risk assessment in Japan. The concentration of 1,3-butadiene and the 1,3-butadiene-exposure-related lifetime excess cancer risk in the general environment and in the vicinity of industrial point sources were estimated using two different types of diffusion models: the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology-atmospheric dispersion model for exposure and risk assessment (AIST-ADMER) model ver. 1.0 for the estimation of regional scale concentrations and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry - low rise industrial source dispersion (METI-LIS) model ver. 2.01 for the estimation of local concentrations near industrial sources. The calculated results indicate that the annual mean concentrations of 1,3-butadiene in residential areas are generally less than 0.5 microg/m(3), but in a few area near industrial point sources they exceed 1.7 microg/m(3), corresponding to a lifetime excess cancer risk of 10(-5). Using data on exposure concentrations and cancer unit risk, the lifetime excess cancer risk for persons exposed to 1,3-butadiene in Japan was evaluated. The results indicate that an extremely small number of people have a risk of developing 1,3-butadiene-exposure-related cancer that is greater than 10(-5), while that of most of the population in Japan is between 10(-5) and 10(-6). The total 1,3-butadiene-exposure-related cancer risk in Japan was calculated as 2.0 cases/year. A large proportion of the cancer risk was associated with general environmental areas. However, the individual risks of the population living in the vicinity of industrial point sources were significantly higher than those of the population living in the general environment.
为进行日本的风险评估，对1,3 - 丁二烯暴露情况进行了详细评估。利用两种不同类型的扩散模型，估算了一般环境和工业点源附近环境中1,3 - 丁二烯的浓度以及与1,3 - 丁二烯暴露相关的终生超额癌症风险：用于估算区域尺度浓度的日本产业技术综合研究所大气扩散暴露与风险评估模型（AIST - ADMER）1.0版，以及用于估算工业源附近局部浓度的经济产业省低层工业源扩散模型（METI - LIS）2.01版。计算结果表明，居民区中1,3 - 丁二烯的年平均浓度一般低于0.5微克/立方米，但在一些工业点源附近的区域，该浓度超过1.7微克/立方米，对应的终生超额癌症风险为10^(-5)。利用暴露浓度和癌症单位风险数据，评估了日本接触1,3 - 丁二烯人群的终生超额癌症风险。结果表明，极少数人患1,3 - 丁二烯暴露相关癌症的风险大于十万分之一，而日本大多数人口的风险在十万分之一至百万分之一之间。日本与1,3 - 丁二烯暴露相关的癌症总风险计算为每年2.0例。很大一部分癌症风险与一般环境区域有关。然而，生活在工业点源附近人群的个体风险明显高于生活在一般环境中的人群。
