Wallace Brian J, Winchester Jason B, McGuigan Michael R
Musculoskeletal Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2006 May;20(2):268-72. doi: 10.1519/R-16854.1.
Athletes commonly use elastic bands as a training method to increase strength and performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of elastic bands on peak force (PF), peak power (PP), and peak rate of force development (RFD) during the back-squat exercise (BSE). Ten recreationally resistance-trained subjects (4 women, 6 men, mean age 21.3 +/- 1.5 years) were tested for their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the BSE (mean 117.6 +/- 48.2 kg) on a Smith machine. Testing was performed on 2 separate days, with 2 sets of 3 repetitions being performed for each condition. Testing was conducted at 60% and 85% of 1RM with and without using elastic bands. In addition, 2 elastic band loading conditions were tested (B1 and B2) at each of the 2 resistances. No bands (NB) represents where all of the resistance was acquired from free-weights. B1 represents where approximately 80% of the resistance was provided by free-weights, and approximately 20% was provided by bands. B2 represents where approximately 65% of the resistance was provided by free-weights, and approximately 35% was provided from bands. The subjects completed the BSE under each condition, whereas PF, PP, and RFD was recorded using a force platform. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in PF between NB-85 and B2-85 of 16%. Between B1-85 and B2-85, PF was increased significantly by 5% (p < 0.05). There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in PP between NB-85 and B2-85 of 24%. No significant differences were observed in RFD during the 85% conditions or for any of the measured variables during the 60% conditions (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the use of elastic bands in conjunction with free weights can significantly increase PF and PP during the BSE over free-weight resistance alone under certain loading conditions. The greatest differences are observed during the higher loading conditions, with the B1-85 condition appearing to be optimal for athletic performance of the ones we tested. The strength training professional could use variable resistance training (VRT) to increase PF and PP more than the traditional BSE can. VRT could also be used to train these 2 performance characteristics together, which might be especially useful in season, when weight-room training volume can sometimes be limited.
运动员通常使用弹力带作为一种训练方法来增强力量和提高运动表现。本研究的目的是调查弹力带对后蹲练习（BSE）过程中的峰值力量（PF）、峰值功率（PP）和力量发展峰值速率（RFD）的影响。10名接受过休闲抗阻训练的受试者（4名女性，6名男性，平均年龄21.3±1.5岁）在史密斯机上测试了他们后蹲练习的1次重复最大值（1RM）（平均117.6±48.2千克）。测试在两个不同的日子进行，每种条件下进行2组，每组3次重复。在1RM的60%和85%负荷下，分别测试有无弹力带时的情况。此外，在两种阻力下分别测试了2种弹力带负荷条件（B1和B2）。无弹力带（NB）表示所有阻力均来自杠铃。B1表示约80%的阻力由杠铃提供，约20%由弹力带提供。B2表示约65%的阻力由杠铃提供，约35%由弹力带提供。受试者在每种条件下完成后蹲练习，同时使用测力平台记录PF、PP和RFD。在NB - 85和B2 - 85之间，PF显著增加（p < 0.05），增幅为16%。在B1 - 85和B2 - 85之间，PF显著增加5%（p < 0.05）。在85%负荷条件下，NB - 85和B2 - 85之间PP显著增加（p < 0.05），增幅为24%。在60%负荷条件下，RFD以及任何测量变量均未观察到显著差异（p < 0.05）。结果表明，在特定负荷条件下，与单独使用杠铃抗阻相比，弹力带与杠铃结合使用可在后蹲练习中显著增加PF和PP。在较高负荷条件下差异最为明显，对于我们测试的对象而言，B1 - 85条件似乎对运动表现最为理想。力量训练专业人员可以使用可变阻力训练（VRT）比传统的后蹲练习更有效地增加PF和PP。VRT还可用于同时训练这两种运动表现特征，这在赛季中可能特别有用，因为此时力量房训练量有时会受到限制。
