Willars Gary B
Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2006 Jun;17(3):363-76. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2006.03.005. Epub 2006 Apr 3.
Regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins are a large and diverse family initially identified as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of heterotrimeric G-protein Galpha-subunits. At least some can also influence Galpha activity through either effector antagonism or by acting as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). As our understanding of RGS protein structure and function has developed, so has the realisation that they play roles beyond G-protein regulation. Such diversity of function is enabled by the variety of RGS protein structure and their ability to interact with other cellular molecules including phospholipids, receptors, effectors and scaffolds. The activity, sub-cellular distribution and expression levels of RGS proteins are dynamically regulated, providing a layer of complexity that has yet to be fully elucidated.
G蛋白信号调节（RGS）蛋白是一个庞大且多样的家族，最初被鉴定为异三聚体G蛋白α亚基的GTP酶激活蛋白（GAP）。至少有一些还可以通过效应器拮抗作用或作为鸟嘌呤核苷酸解离抑制剂（GDI）来影响Gα活性。随着我们对RGS蛋白结构和功能的理解不断发展，人们也逐渐认识到它们在G蛋白调节之外还发挥着作用。RGS蛋白结构的多样性以及它们与包括磷脂、受体、效应器和支架在内的其他细胞分子相互作用的能力，使得其具有如此多样的功能。RGS蛋白的活性、亚细胞分布和表达水平受到动态调节，这提供了一层尚未完全阐明的复杂性。
