Jylhä Pekka, Isometsä Erkki
Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(5):281-9. doi: 10.1002/da.20167.
Few studies have investigated the relationship of the personality dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion to the symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general population. A random general population sample (ages 20-70 years), from two Finnish cities was surveyed with the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). In addition, questions regarding diagnosed lifetime mental disorders, health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months, and history of mental disorders in first-degree relatives were posed. Among the 441 subjects who participated, neuroticism correlated strongly with symptoms of depression (r(s)=.71, P<.001) and anxiety (r(s)=.69, P<.001), and somewhat with self-reported lifetime mental disorder (r(s)=.30, P<.001) and health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months (r(s)=.24, P<.001). Extraversion correlated negatively with symptoms of depression (r(s)=-.47, P<.001), anxiety (r(s)=-.36, P<.001), self-reported lifetime mental disorder (r(s)=-.17, P<.001), and health care use for psychiatric reasons in the past 12 months (r(s)=-.14, P=.004). In multiple regression models, even after adjusting for gender, age, and education, BDI scores were significantly associated with neuroticism, extraversion, and age, whereas BAI scores were associated only with neuroticism. Neuroticism is strongly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, and intraversion is moderately associated with depressive symptoms in the urban general population. The relationship of these personality dimensions to both self-reported lifetime mental disorders and use of health services for psychiatric reasons strengthens the clinical validity of these personality dimensions.
很少有研究调查神经质和外向性这两个人格维度与普通人群中抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系。对来自芬兰两个城市的一个随机普通人群样本（年龄在20至70岁之间）进行了艾森克人格问卷（EPI）、贝克抑郁量表（BDI）和贝克焦虑量表（BAI）的调查。此外，还询问了关于已确诊的终身精神障碍、过去12个月因精神原因使用医疗保健服务以及一级亲属的精神障碍病史等问题。在参与的441名受试者中，神经质与抑郁症状（r(s)=.71，P<.001）和焦虑症状（r(s)=.69，P<.001）密切相关，与自我报告的终身精神障碍（r(s)=.30，P<.001）以及过去12个月因精神原因使用医疗保健服务（r(s)=.24，P<.001）也有一定关联。外向性与抑郁症状（r(s)=-.47，P<.001）、焦虑症状（r(s)=-.36，P<.001）、自我报告的终身精神障碍（r(s)=-.17，P<.001）以及过去12个月因精神原因使用医疗保健服务（r(s)=-.14，P=.004）呈负相关。在多元回归模型中，即使调整了性别、年龄和教育程度，BDI得分仍与神经质、外向性和年龄显著相关，而BAI得分仅与神经质相关。在城市普通人群中，神经质与抑郁和焦虑症状密切相关，内向性与抑郁症状中度相关。这些人格维度与自我报告的终身精神障碍以及因精神原因使用医疗服务之间的关系增强了这些人格维度的临床效度。
