Glover Joel C, Renaud Jean-Sébastien, Rijli Filippo M
Department of Physiology, PB 1103 Blindern, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
J Neurobiol. 2006 Jun;66(7):705-25. doi: 10.1002/neu.20272.
Retinoid signaling plays an important role in the developmental patterning of the hindbrain. Studies of the teratogenic effects of retinoids showed early on that the hindbrain suffered patterning defects in cases of retinoid excess or deficiency. Closer examination of these effects in animal models suggested that retinoids might play a physiological role in specifying the antero-posterior axis of the hindbrain. This idea was supported by the localization of retinoid synthetic and degradative enzymes, binding proteins, and receptors to the hindbrain and neighboring regions of the neuroepithelium and the mesoderm. In parallel, it became clear that the molecular patterning of the hindbrain, in terms of the regionalized expression of Hox genes and other developmental regulatory genes, is profoundly influenced by retinoid signaling.
视黄酸信号传导在后脑的发育模式形成中起着重要作用。对视黄酸致畸作用的研究早期就表明，在视黄酸过量或缺乏的情况下，后脑会出现模式形成缺陷。在动物模型中对这些效应的进一步研究表明，视黄酸可能在确定后脑的前后轴方面发挥生理作用。视黄酸合成和降解酶、结合蛋白以及受体在神经上皮和中胚层的后脑及邻近区域的定位支持了这一观点。与此同时，很明显，就Hox基因和其他发育调控基因的区域化表达而言，后脑的分子模式形成受到视黄酸信号传导的深刻影响。
