Sprinkle J E, Cuneo S P, Frederick H M, Enns R M, Schafer D W, Carstens G E, Daugherty S B, Noon T H, Rickert B M, Reggiardo C
University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2006 Jun;84(6):1439-53. doi: 10.2527/2006.8461439x.
The objectives were to determine if strategic supplementation of range cows with a long-acting (6 mo), trace mineral, reticulorumen bolus containing Cu, Se, and Co would: (1) increase cow BCS and BW, and calf birth, weaning, and postweaning weights, or weight per day of age (WDA); (2) increase liver concentrations of Cu or Zn in cows, or blood Se, Cu, or Zn concentrations in cows and calves; and (3) vary by cow breed for any of these response variables. There were 192 control and 144 bolused Composite cows (C; 25% Hereford, Angus, Gelbevieh, and Senepol or Barzona); 236 control and 158 bolused Hereford (H) cows; and 208 control and 149 bolused Brahman cross (B) cows used in a 3-yr experiment. Cows were weighed and scored for body condition in January, May, and September, and all bolused cows received boluses in January. Each year, from among the 3 breed groups a subset of 15 control and 15 bolused cows (n = 90) had samples obtained in January and May for liver Cu and Zn, blood Se, and serum Cu and Zn. As for cows, blood and serum from the calves of these cows were sampled each year in May and September for Cu, Se, and Zn. There was a significant breed x year x treatment interaction (P = 0.001) for cow weight loss from January to May. Calf WDA, weaning, and postweaning weights did not differ (P > 0.40) between bolused and control cows, but there was a significant (P = 0.022) breed x year x treatment interaction for birth weight. Liver Cu was deficient (< 75 ppm; P < 0.001) in control cows and adequate (< 75 to 90 ppm) for bolused cows. Liver Cu differed by year (P < 0.001). Blood Se was adequate (< 0.1 ppm) for all cows except in January 2001 and 2002. There was no difference (P > 0.50) in blood Se between treatment groups in January, but bolused cows had greater (P < 0.01) blood Se in May. Breed differences for blood Se concentrations existed for bolused cows, with B having greater (P < 0.05) blood Se than either C or H cows. Breed differences also existed for control cows, with H having less blood Se (P < 0.04) than B or C cows. Calves from bolused cows had greater blood Se than calves from control cows (P = 0.01). Supplementation via a long-acting trace mineral bolus was successful in increasing liver Cu in cows and blood Se in cows and calves, but the responses varied by year. Bolus administration had variable effects on BW change in early lactation, depending on breed and year, which may indicate the need for breed- and year-specific supplementation programs.
本研究的目的是确定对放牧母牛进行长效（6个月）、含铜（Cu）、硒（Se）和钴（Co）的瘤胃网胃微量矿物质丸剂的策略性补充是否会：（1）增加母牛的体况评分（BCS）和体重（BW），以及犊牛的出生体重、断奶体重和断奶后体重，或日龄体重（WDA）；（2）增加母牛肝脏中铜或锌的浓度，或母牛和犊牛血液中硒、铜或锌的浓度；以及（3）这些反应变量在不同牛品种间是否存在差异。在一项为期3年的试验中，使用了192头对照和144头接受丸剂处理的复合母牛（C；25%海福特牛、安格斯牛、吉尔牛和塞内波尔牛或巴佐纳牛）；236头对照和158头接受丸剂处理的赫里福德（H）母牛；以及208头对照和149头接受丸剂处理的婆罗门杂交（B）母牛。在1月、5月和9月对母牛进行体重测量和体况评分，所有接受丸剂处理的母牛在1月接受丸剂。每年，从3个品种组中各选取15头对照和15头接受丸剂处理的母牛（n = 90），在1月和5月采集肝脏铜和锌、血液硒以及血清铜和锌的样本。对于母牛，这些母牛的犊牛在每年的5月和9月采集血液和血清样本，检测铜、硒和锌。从1月到5月，母牛体重损失存在显著的品种×年份×处理交互作用（P = 0.001）。接受丸剂处理的母牛和对照母牛的犊牛WDA、断奶体重和断奶后体重没有差异（P > 0.40），但出生体重存在显著的（P = 0.022）品种×年份×处理交互作用。对照母牛肝脏铜缺乏（< 75 ppm；P < 0.001），接受丸剂处理的母牛肝脏铜充足（< 75至90 ppm）。肝脏铜含量因年份而异（P < 0.001）。除2001年和2002年1月外，所有母牛血液硒含量充足（< 0.1 ppm）。1月处理组间血液硒没有差异（P > 0.50），但接受丸剂处理的母牛在5月血液硒含量更高（P < 0.01）。接受丸剂处理的母牛血液硒浓度存在品种差异，B品种母牛的血液硒含量高于C或H品种母牛（P < 0.05）。对照母牛也存在品种差异，H品种母牛的血液硒含量低于B或C品种母牛（P < 0.04）。接受丸剂处理的母牛所产犊牛的血液硒含量高于对照母牛所产犊牛（P = 0.01）。通过长效微量矿物质丸剂进行补充成功增加了母牛肝脏铜含量以及母牛和犊牛血液硒含量，但反应因年份而异。丸剂给药对早期泌乳期体重变化的影响因品种和年份而异，这可能表明需要针对特定品种和年份的补充方案。
