Peter Shajan A S, D'Amato Massimo, Beglinger Christoph
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Dig Dis. 2006;24(1-2):70-82. doi: 10.1159/000090310.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone which is found both in the gastrointestinal tract throughout the human small intestine and nerves in the myenteric plexus of the enteric nervous system and in the central nervous system. This dual location constitutes the anatomical basis for this in functions as a hormone and a neurotransmitter implicated in the regulation of both systems. CCK regulates not only motor functions in the gastrointestinal tract like lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation, gastric secretion and emptying, gall bladder contractility and bile secretion into the duodenum, intestinal and colonic motility, but also sensory functions and plays a role in the regulation of food intake. These effects are mediated through selective receptors CCK1 and CCK2. Over the last few years, research has focused on understanding the role of CCK, its receptors with antagonists at the biological, pharmacological, clinical and therapeutic level. As far as the CCK1 antagonists is concerned, important inroads have been made in the potential role of these antagonists in the treatment of GERD, IBS and pancreatitis. They have also shown encouraging results in sphincter of Oddi dysfunction and some gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the recent ad vances of the biological role of CCK and their CCK1 antagonists: their current basic and clinical status in gastroenterology, with particular emphasis on the potential therapeutic role of the CCK1 antagonists and future research directions.
胆囊收缩素（CCK）是一种肽类激素，在整个人体小肠的胃肠道、肠神经系统肌间神经丛的神经以及中枢神经系统中均有发现。这种双重分布构成了其作为激素和神经递质在调节这两个系统中发挥作用的解剖学基础。CCK不仅调节胃肠道的运动功能，如下食管括约肌松弛、胃酸分泌与排空、胆囊收缩力以及胆汁排入十二指肠、肠道和结肠的蠕动，还调节感觉功能，并在食物摄入调节中发挥作用。这些作用是通过选择性受体CCK1和CCK2介导的。在过去几年中，研究集中在了解CCK及其受体与拮抗剂在生物学、药理学、临床和治疗层面的作用。就CCK1拮抗剂而言，在这些拮抗剂治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）、肠易激综合征（IBS）和胰腺炎的潜在作用方面已取得重要进展。它们在Oddi括约肌功能障碍和一些胃肠道癌症方面也显示出令人鼓舞的结果。本综述重点关注CCK及其CCK1拮抗剂生物学作用的最新进展：它们在胃肠病学中的当前基础和临床状况，特别强调CCK1拮抗剂的潜在治疗作用以及未来的研究方向。
