Department of Biology-314, and The Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2004 Mar;19(3):155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2003.12.004.
Diplochory is seed dispersal by a sequence of two or more steps or phases, each involving a different dispersal agent. Here, we describe five forms of diplochory and derive general characteristics of each phase of seed dispersal. The first and second phases of diplochory offer different benefits to plants. Phase one dispersal often results in escape from density-dependent seed and seedling mortality near the parent plant and can result in the colonization of habitat patches far from the parent. Phase two dispersal often moves seeds to discrete and predictable microsites, where the probability of seedling establishment is disproportionately high (i.e. directed dispersal). Diplochory appears to have evolved because combining two means of seed dispersal can increase the benefits of seed dispersal whilst reducing the likelihood of seed mortality.
双扩散是指种子通过两个或多个步骤或阶段的序列进行传播，每个阶段涉及不同的传播媒介。在这里，我们描述了双扩散的五种形式，并得出了种子传播的每个阶段的一般特征。双扩散的第一阶段和第二阶段为植物提供了不同的好处。第一阶段的扩散通常可以使种子远离母体植物周围的密度依赖型种子和幼苗死亡率，从而可以在远离母体植物的栖息地斑块上进行殖民化。第二阶段的扩散通常将种子移动到离散且可预测的微生境中，在这些微生境中，幼苗建立的可能性非常高（即定向扩散）。双扩散似乎是因为结合两种种子扩散方式可以增加种子扩散的好处，同时降低种子死亡率的可能性而进化而来的。
