Wolfgang Michael J, Lane M Daniel
Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:23-44. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.25.050304.092532.
The regulation of energy homeostasis is critical for normal physiology and survival. Energy flux must be rigorously monitored and adjusted to ensure that fuel intake and expenditure remain within acceptable limits. The central nervous system (CNS) is, in large part, responsible for conducting this energy-monitoring function and for integrating the numerous inputs. It has become evident that neurons of the CNS monitor and respond to levels of metabolic intermediates that reflect peripheral energy status. Intermediates in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway have been implicated as hypothalamic signaling mediators that sense and respond to changes in circulating fuels. Genetic and pharmacologic manipulation of the enzymes of fatty acid metabolism have led to the hypothesis that neuronal metabolic intermediates affect neural outputs that modify both feeding behavior and energy expenditure. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of these enzymes and intermediates in the regulation of food intake and energy balance.
能量稳态的调节对于正常生理功能和生存至关重要。必须严格监测和调整能量通量，以确保燃料摄入和消耗保持在可接受的范围内。中枢神经系统（CNS）在很大程度上负责执行这种能量监测功能并整合众多输入信号。越来越明显的是，CNS中的神经元监测反映外周能量状态的代谢中间产物水平并做出反应。脂肪酸生物合成途径中的中间产物被认为是下丘脑信号传导介质，可感知并响应循环燃料的变化。对脂肪酸代谢酶的基因和药理学操作导致了这样一种假说，即神经元代谢中间产物会影响神经输出，从而改变进食行为和能量消耗。本综述重点关注这些酶和中间产物在食物摄入和能量平衡调节中的调节作用。
