Seeley R J, York D A
Department of Psychiatry and Genome Research Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA.
Obes Rev. 2005 Aug;6(3):259-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00193.x.
This review describes the product of the 3-day International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO) Stock Conference held in March 2004 and sponsored by Abbott Laboratories. The conference was focused on how the mechanisms by which individual cells sense their own fuel status might influence the energy balance of the entire organism. Whether you are a single-celled organism or a sophisticated mammal with a large cerebral cortex, it is critical that cellular activity be matched to the available fuel necessary for that activity. Rapid progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the critical metabolic events that cells monitor to accomplish this critical task. More recent developments have begun to apply this understanding to how critical populations of neurones may monitor similar events to control both food intake and energy expenditure. The picture that emerges is that numerous peripheral fuel sensors communicate to the central nervous system (CNS) via neural and humoral routes. Moreover, it has been known for decades that specific populations of neurones sense changes in ambient glucose levels and adjust their firing rate in response and changes in neuronal glucose metabolism can influence energy balance. The CNS, however, does not just sense glucose but rather appears to be sensitive to a wide range of metabolic perturbations associated with fuel availability. This information is used to adjust both caloric intake and the disposition of fuels in the periphery. Increased understanding of these CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic targets for obesity.
本综述介绍了2004年3月举行的、由雅培实验室赞助的为期三天的国际肥胖研究协会（IASO）库存会议的成果。该会议聚焦于单个细胞感知自身燃料状态的机制如何影响整个生物体的能量平衡。无论你是单细胞生物还是拥有大型大脑皮层的复杂哺乳动物，细胞活动与该活动所需的可用燃料相匹配都至关重要。在过去十年中，我们对细胞为完成这一关键任务而监测的关键代谢事件的理解取得了快速进展。最近的进展已开始将这一理解应用于特定神经元群体如何监测类似事件以控制食物摄入和能量消耗。呈现出的情况是，众多外周燃料传感器通过神经和体液途径与中枢神经系统（CNS）进行通信。此外，几十年来人们已经知道，特定神经元群体感知环境葡萄糖水平的变化并相应调整其放电频率，并且神经元葡萄糖代谢的变化会影响能量平衡。然而，中枢神经系统不仅感知葡萄糖，而且似乎对与燃料可用性相关的广泛代谢扰动敏感。这些信息用于调整热量摄入和外周燃料的分配。对这些中枢神经系统燃料感知机制的更多了解可能会带来肥胖症的新治疗靶点。
