Frost Thomas M, Fischer Janet M, Klug Jennifer L, Arnott Shelley E, Montz Pamela K
Trout Lake Station, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 10810 County Highway N, Boulder Junction, Wisconsin 54512, USA.
Ecol Appl. 2006 Feb;16(1):353-67. doi: 10.1890/04-1800.
Understanding the factors that affect biological recovery from environmental stressors such as acidification is an important challenge in ecology. Here we report on zooplankton community recovery following the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, USA. One decade following cessation of acid additions to the northern basin of Little Rock Lake (LRL), recovery of the zooplankton community was complete. Approximately 40% of zooplankton species in the lake exhibited a recovery lag in which biological recovery to reference basin levels was delayed by 1-6 yr after pH recovered to the level at which the species originally responded. Delays in recovery such as those we observed in LRL may be attributable to "biological resistance" wherein establishment of viable populations of key acid-sensitive species following water quality improvements is prevented by other components of the community that thrived during acidification. Indeed, we observed that the recovery of species that thrived during acidification tended to precede recovery of species that declined during acidification. In addition, correspondence analysis indicated that the zooplankton community followed different pathways during acidification and recovery, suggesting that there is substantial hysteresis in zooplankton recovery from acidification. By providing an example of a relatively rapid recovery from short-term acidification, zooplankton community recovery from experimental acidification in LRL generally reinforces the positive outlook for recovery reported for other acidified lakes.
了解影响生物从诸如酸化等环境压力源中恢复的因素是生态学中的一项重要挑战。在此，我们报告了美国威斯康星州小石湖实验酸化后浮游动物群落的恢复情况。在停止向小石湖北部流域（LRL）添加酸后的十年里，浮游动物群落完全恢复。该湖泊中约40%的浮游动物物种表现出恢复滞后，即pH值恢复到该物种最初做出反应的水平后，生物恢复到参考流域水平的时间延迟了1至6年。像我们在LRL中观察到的这种恢复延迟可能归因于“生物抗性”，即在水质改善后，关键酸敏感物种的可行种群建立受到在酸化期间繁盛的群落其他成分的阻碍。实际上，我们观察到在酸化期间繁盛的物种的恢复往往先于在酸化期间减少的物种的恢复。此外，对应分析表明浮游动物群落在酸化和恢复过程中遵循不同路径，这表明浮游动物从酸化中恢复存在显著的滞后现象。通过提供一个从短期酸化中相对快速恢复的例子，小石湖实验酸化中浮游动物群落的恢复总体上强化了其他酸化湖泊恢复的积极前景。
