Leiva-Presa Angels, Mortensen Anne Skjetne, Arukwe Augustine, Jenssen Bjørn Munro
Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Mar Environ Res. 2006 Jul;62 Suppl:S10-5. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.04.013. Epub 2006 Apr 7.
The effects of environmental contamination on amphibians are of particular concern because there are reports of declining numbers of species and individuals in most parts of the world during the last 50 years. During the last decade there has been increased focus on the role of persistent organic pollutants as retinoid (vitamin A) disrupters, and their effects on development, growth and sexual differentiation. To study the effects of p,p'-DDE, one of the most persistent metabolites of the pesticide DDT, on retinol homeostasis, we subcutaneously exposed adult male European common frogs (Rana temporaria) to different doses of p,p'-DDE (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg body mass) and studied the effect of a short term exposure (14 days) on hepatic retinoid levels and CYP26 gene and protein expression. Hepatic retinol concentrations, CYP26 gene and protein levels were analysed using HPLC, quantitative RT-PCR and indirect ELISA, respectively. Our results showed a significant p,p'-DDE dose-specific increase in the hepatic retinol concentration. CYP26 gene and protein expression were reduced in an apparent p,p'-DDE dose-specific manner. The results suggest that p,p'-DDE may interfere with the hepatic metabolism of retinol in adult frogs by decreasing CYP26 expression patterns.
环境污染对两栖动物的影响尤其令人担忧，因为有报告称在过去50年里，世界大部分地区两栖动物的物种数量和个体数量都在减少。在过去十年中，人们越来越关注持久性有机污染物作为类视黄醇（维生素A）干扰物的作用，以及它们对发育、生长和性别分化的影响。为了研究农药滴滴涕最持久的代谢产物之一p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）对视黄醇稳态的影响，我们将成年雄性欧洲普通青蛙（林蛙）皮下暴露于不同剂量的p,p'-DDE（0、0.01、0.1、1和10毫克/千克体重），并研究短期暴露（14天）对肝脏类视黄醇水平以及细胞色素P450 26（CYP26）基因和蛋白表达的影响。分别使用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）和间接酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）分析肝脏视黄醇浓度、CYP26基因和蛋白水平。我们的结果显示，肝脏视黄醇浓度随p,p'-DDE剂量呈显著特异性增加。CYP26基因和蛋白表达明显以p,p'-DDE剂量特异性方式降低。结果表明，p,p'-DDE可能通过降低CYP26表达模式来干扰成年青蛙肝脏中视黄醇的代谢。
