Innis Sheila M
Nutrition Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
Atheroscler Suppl. 2006 May;7(2):17-20. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2006.04.005. Epub 2006 May 19.
All of the essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids accumulated by the fetus must be derived by transfer from the maternal circulation, and ultimately must originate from the maternal diet. After birth, the breast-fed infant receives essential fatty acids via mother's milk, or human milk substitutes and later complementary foods. Trans fatty acids (TFA) may have adverse effects on growth and development through interfering with essential fatty acid metabolism, direct effects on membrane structures or metabolism, or secondary to reducing the intakes of the cis essential fatty acids in either mother or child. TFA are transported across the placenta and secreted in human milk in amounts that depend on the maternal dietary intake. Inverse associations have been shown between TFA and the essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in newborn infants, human milk and preschool children. This support the need to reduce industrially produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) and improve dietary fat quality, particularly by increasing intake of n-3 fatty acids.
胎儿积累的所有必需n-6和n-3脂肪酸都必须通过从母体循环中转移获得，最终必须源自母体饮食。出生后，母乳喂养的婴儿通过母乳、母乳替代品及后来的辅食获得必需脂肪酸。反式脂肪酸（TFA）可能通过干扰必需脂肪酸代谢、对膜结构或代谢产生直接影响，或因减少母婴顺式必需脂肪酸摄入量而对生长发育产生不利影响。TFA可通过胎盘转运，并以取决于母体饮食摄入量的量分泌到人乳中。已表明新生儿、人乳和学龄前儿童体内的TFA与必需n-6和n-3脂肪酸之间存在负相关。这支持了减少工业生产的反式脂肪酸（IP-TFA）并改善膳食脂肪质量的必要性，特别是通过增加n-3脂肪酸的摄入量来实现。
