Durrant Barbara S, Ravida Nicole, Spady Thomas, Cheng Alice
Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027-7000, USA.
Theriogenology. 2006 Oct;66(6-7):1729-36. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.02.046. Epub 2006 May 19.
Routine analysis of urinary metabolites of estrogen and progesterone provided substantial information about the estrous cycle of bears. However, these data alone were not adequate to determine the precise timing of ovulation needed to maximize AI success rates, or to distinguish between pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop technologies that will enhance understanding of the reproductive mechanisms of ursids. Using the domestic dog as a model, three techniques were investigated for potential application to the propagation of captive endangered bears. In a modification of standard staining of bitch vaginal cells, trichrome staining of giant panda cells revealed two consistent chromic shifts 9 and 2 days prior to the periovulatory decrease in urinary estrone sulfate, enhancing the ability to predict ovarian events preceding ovulation. To further define the relationship between the decrease in estrogen and ovulation, the utility of a rapid immunochromatographic LH assay was investigated for giant pandas using a commercial LH kit canine serum. Serum collected during estrus exhibited positive test results, indicating the cross-reactivity of giant panda LH with canine LH antibodies, and preliminary data supported further development of the LH kit for the detection of LH in bear urine. Due to the limitations of hormone analysis for distinguishing pregnancy from pseudopregnancy in canids and ursids, forward-looking infrared thermography was evaluated as a method to visualize proliferating placental tissue, fetuses, or both. While further investigation is needed to confirm the utility of thermal imaging for pregnancy diagnosis in the domestic bitch, pregnancy and pseudopregnancy were successfully detected in two giant pandas.
对雌激素和孕激素的尿液代谢物进行常规分析，为熊的发情周期提供了大量信息。然而，仅凭这些数据不足以确定为使人工授精成功率最大化所需的精确排卵时间，也无法区分妊娠和假妊娠。因此，迫切需要开发能够增进对熊科动物生殖机制理解的技术。以家犬为模型，研究了三种技术在圈养濒危熊繁殖中的潜在应用。在对母犬阴道细胞标准染色法的改进中，大熊猫细胞的三色染色显示，在尿硫酸雌酮排卵前减少的9天和2天前出现了两种一致的颜色变化，增强了预测排卵前卵巢事件的能力。为了进一步确定雌激素下降与排卵之间的关系，使用商用犬LH试剂盒对大熊猫快速免疫层析LH检测法的实用性进行了研究。发情期采集的血清检测结果呈阳性，表明大熊猫LH与犬LH抗体具有交叉反应性，初步数据支持进一步开发用于检测熊尿中LH的LH试剂盒。由于激素分析在区分犬科动物和熊科动物的妊娠与假妊娠方面存在局限性，前瞻性红外热成像被评估为一种可视化增殖胎盘组织、胎儿或两者的方法。虽然需要进一步研究来证实热成像在家犬妊娠诊断中的实用性，但在两只大熊猫中成功检测到了妊娠和假妊娠。
