Mintegi Santiago, Fernández Ana, Alustiza Jesús, Canduela Víctor, Mongil Isidro, Caubet Inmaculada, Clerigué Nuria, Herranz M, Crespo Esther, Fanjul José L, Fernández Porfirio, Humayor Javier, Landa Joseba, Muñoz José A, Lasarte José R, Núñez Francisco J, López Javier, Molina Juan C, Pérez Amalia, Pou Jordi, Sánchez Carlos A, Vázquez Paula
Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.
Pediatr Emerg Care. 2006 May;22(5):334-8. doi: 10.1097/01.pec.0000215651.50008.1b.
To describe the characteristics of childhood poisoning leading to consultation to 17 pediatric emergency departments in Spain.
During a 2-year period (January 2001 to December 2002), accompanying people of 2157 children with acute intoxication who visited consecutively at the emergency room were prospectively surveyed.
Childhood poisoning accounted for 0.28% of all emergency visits during the study period. The median (interquartile range, 25th-75th percentile) age was 24 months (22-60 months); 67% of children were younger than 4 years. Drug ingestion was involved in 54.7% of cases (paracetamol was the most frequent drug), domestic products in 28.9%, alcohol in 5.9%, carbon monoxide in 4.5%, and illicit drugs in 1.5%. A total of 61.3% of patients were admitted within 1 hour after exposure to the toxic substance, and 10.3% had been already treated before arrival; 29.1% of patients were referred for clinical manifestations which were mostly neurological symptoms. Laboratory tests and other investigations were performed in 40.7% of cases. Gastrointestinal decontamination was used in 51.7% of patients, with activated charcoal in 32.3%. Treatment varied significantly according to the individual hospitals. A total of 83.3% of patients were treated as outpatients, 15.2% were hospitalized, and 1.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit. One 11-month-old boy with carbon monoxide intoxication died. Six patients had permanent sequelae (esophageal stenosis in 5 and partial blindness in 1).
Young children who accidentally ingested drugs and, less frequently, domestic products accounted for most cases of intoxication who presented at the pediatric emergency department.
描述导致西班牙17家儿科急诊科会诊的儿童中毒特征。
在2年期间（2001年1月至2002年12月），对连续到急诊室就诊的2157名急性中毒儿童的陪同人员进行前瞻性调查。
在研究期间，儿童中毒占所有急诊就诊病例的0.28%。年龄中位数（四分位间距，第25 - 75百分位数）为24个月（22 - 60个月）；67%的儿童年龄小于4岁。54.7%的病例涉及药物摄入（对乙酰氨基酚是最常见的药物），28.9%涉及家用产品，5.9%涉及酒精，4.5%涉及一氧化碳，1.5%涉及非法药物。61.3%的患者在接触有毒物质后1小时内入院，10.3%在到达之前已经接受过治疗；29.1%的患者因临床表现（主要是神经症状）而被转诊。40.7%的病例进行了实验室检查和其他调查。51.7%的患者采用了胃肠道去污措施，其中32.3%使用了活性炭。不同医院的治疗方法差异显著。83.3%的患者作为门诊患者接受治疗，15.2%住院治疗，1.5%入住重症监护病房。一名11个月大的一氧化碳中毒男孩死亡。6名患者有永久性后遗症（5例食管狭窄，1例部分失明）。
意外摄入药物的幼儿以及较少情况下摄入家用产品的幼儿占儿科急诊科中毒病例的大多数。
