Ho Cristy, Tan Hong Z, Spence Charles
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.
Ergonomics. 2006 Jun 10;49(7):724-38. doi: 10.1080/00140130600589887.
Previous research has shown that the presentation of spatially predictive auditory and vibrotactile warning signals can facilitate driver responses to driving events seen through the windscreen or rearview mirror. The present study investigated whether this facilitation reflects the priming of the appropriate response (i.e. braking vs. accelerating) or an attentional cuing effect (i.e. a perceptual benefit that facilitates subsequent behavioural responding). In the experiments reported here, participants had to discriminate the colour of a number plate (red vs. blue) following the presentation of either spatially predictive vibrotactile (experiment 1) or auditory (experiment 2) warning signals that indicated the likely location (front or back) of the visual target, while simultaneously performing a highly attention-demanding rapid serial visual presentation task. Numberplate discrimination performance was facilitated following the presentation of valid auditory cues, but not following the presentation of equally informative vibrotactile cues. The use of an orthogonal spatial cuing design enabled with us to rule out of a potential response priming account of these data. The results suggest that whilst directional congruency between a warning signal and a target event may be sufficient to facilitate performance due to the priming of the appropriate response, attentional facilitation effects may also require the co-location of the cue and target within the same functional region of space.
先前的研究表明，呈现具有空间预测性的听觉和振动触觉警告信号可以促进驾驶员对通过挡风玻璃或后视镜看到的驾驶事件做出反应。本研究调查了这种促进作用是反映了对适当反应（即刹车与加速）的启动，还是一种注意力提示效应（即一种促进后续行为反应的感知益处）。在此报告的实验中，参与者在呈现指示视觉目标可能位置（前方或后方）的空间预测性振动触觉（实验1）或听觉（实验2）警告信号后，必须辨别车牌的颜色（红色与蓝色），同时还要执行一项高度需要注意力的快速序列视觉呈现任务。在呈现有效听觉线索后，车牌辨别性能得到了促进，但在呈现同样信息丰富的振动触觉线索后则没有。使用正交空间提示设计使我们能够排除对这些数据的潜在反应启动解释。结果表明，虽然警告信号与目标事件之间的方向一致性可能足以由于适当反应的启动而促进表现，但注意力促进效应可能还需要线索与目标在同一功能空间区域内共定位。
