Gilbert R O
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04 Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
Theriogenology. 1989 Nov;32(5):805-15. doi: 10.1016/0093-691x(89)90469-x.
Short penis condition was diagnosed as the cause of impotentia coeundi in 10 bulls, aged 2.5 to 5 yr. The diagnosis was based on observation of service attempts, measurement of the extended penis, and elimination of other causes of impotence. Measurements of the penis were made under general inhalation anesthesia or pudendal nerve block. These measurements were then compared with those of 10 control bulls, matched for age and breed and having no history of impotence; the latter measurements were likewise obtained under general anesthesia, pudendal nerve block or sedation. with propionyl promazine. Similar measurements were obtained from 10 yearling bulls under propionyl promazine sedation. Measurements obtained under general anesthesia or pudendal nerve block in the same bull were usually similar and repeatable, while phenothiazine tranquillization produced incomplete and variable relaxation of the retractor penis muscles. The dimension best correlated with impotence due to short penis was the distance from the tip of the extended penis to the preputial orifice in its resting position. In 10 bulls in which short penis was diagnosed, this distance was 10 to 22 cm, while in 10 control bulls with no history of impotence it was 25 to 42 cm. The distances from the tip of the extended penis to the preputial reflection (fornix) and to the neck of the scrotum were also shorter in affected than in control bulls. Although observation of service ability remains the cornerstone of diagnosis of short penis, a presumptive diagnosis can be made if penile protrusion of less than 25 cm can be obtained in an adult bull under general anesthesia or pudendal nerve block. Phenothiazine tranquillization is suitable for screening examinations but not for definitive diagnosis.
短阴茎症被诊断为10头年龄在2.5至5岁公牛性交不能的病因。诊断基于对交配尝试的观察、对伸展阴茎的测量以及排除其他导致阳痿的原因。阴茎测量是在全身吸入麻醉或阴部神经阻滞下进行的。然后将这些测量结果与10头对照公牛的测量结果进行比较，这些对照公牛年龄和品种匹配且无阳痿病史；后者的测量同样在全身麻醉、阴部神经阻滞或用丙酰普马嗪镇静下获得。从10头一岁公牛在丙酰普马嗪镇静下也获得了类似的测量结果。在同一头公牛中，全身麻醉或阴部神经阻滞下获得的测量结果通常相似且可重复，而吩噻嗪镇静导致阴茎退缩肌的松弛不完全且变化不定。与短阴茎导致的阳痿最相关的尺寸是从伸展阴茎尖端到其静止位置的包皮口的距离。在诊断为短阴茎的10头公牛中，这个距离为10至22厘米，而在10头无阳痿病史的对照公牛中为25至42厘米。患病公牛从伸展阴茎尖端到包皮折返（穹窿）和到阴囊颈部的距离也比对照公牛短。尽管对交配能力的观察仍然是短阴茎诊断的基石，但如果在成年公牛全身麻醉或阴部神经阻滞下阴茎突出小于25厘米，可做出初步诊断。吩噻嗪镇静适用于筛查检查，但不适用于明确诊断。
