El Haber Natalie, Hill Keith D, Cassano Anne-Marie T, Paton Lynda M, Macinnis Robert J, Cui James S, Hopper John L, Wark John D
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Aug 1;164(3):246-56. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj188. Epub 2006 May 26.
Genetic and environmental influences on variation in balance performance were measured in 93 monozygous and 83 dizygous female twin pairs aged 21-82 years (mean age, 50.5 years) in Melbourne, Australia, between 1999 and 2003. The authors administered clinical (Lord's Balance Test and Step Test) and laboratory tests of static and dynamic balance from the Chattecx Balance System with and without distractor tasks. The authors conducted factor analysis and estimated genetic and environmental variance components and heritability (defined as additive genetic variance as a proportion of all variance, after adjustment for age) using a multivariate normal model with the statistical package FISHER. Three factors were identified and adjusted for age. Heritability was 46% (standard error (SE), 9) for the "sensory balance tests" factor and 30% (SE, 9) for the "static and dynamic perturbations" factor. For both factors, the remaining variance was attributed to unique environmental effects. There was no evidence that genetic factors influenced variation in the "dynamic weight shift tests" factor, with environmental effects shared by twins accounting for 38% (SE, 7) of variance. Neither genetic nor environmental proportions of variance differed significantly between twin subgroups by age (<or=50or>50 years). An age-related decline in performance measures was found across the whole sample. These results imply that balance impairments may have a heritable element.
1999年至2003年期间，在澳大利亚墨尔本对93对单卵双胞胎和83对双卵双胞胎女性进行了研究，测量基因和环境因素对平衡能力变异的影响。这些双胞胎年龄在21至82岁之间（平均年龄50.5岁）。作者进行了临床测试（洛德平衡测试和阶梯测试），并使用Chattecx平衡系统进行了有和没有干扰任务的静态和动态平衡实验室测试。作者进行了因子分析，并使用统计软件包FISHER的多元正态模型估计了基因和环境方差成分以及遗传力（定义为调整年龄后加性遗传方差占所有方差的比例）。确定了三个因子并对年龄进行了调整。“感觉平衡测试”因子的遗传力为46%（标准误[SE]，9），“静态和动态干扰”因子的遗传力为30%（SE，9）。对于这两个因子，其余方差归因于独特的环境效应。没有证据表明基因因素影响“动态体重转移测试”因子的变异，双胞胎共享的环境效应占方差的38%（SE，7）。按年龄（≤50岁或＞50岁）划分的双胞胎亚组之间，基因和环境方差比例均无显著差异。在整个样本中发现了与年龄相关的平衡能力下降。这些结果表明平衡能力受损可能有遗传因素。
