Charles Myrna D, Holman Robert C, Curns Aaron T, Parashar Umesh D, Glass Roger I, Bresee Joseph S
Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006 Jun;25(6):489-93. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000215234.91997.21.
In the United States, rotavirus gastroenteritis remains a common disease of children that results in many hospitalizations, clinic visits and medical costs. It is a common cause of morbidity and is associated with a high economic burden in developing countries. Prevention of hospitalizations is the primary target of rotavirus vaccines.
To update estimates of rotavirus hospitalization rates in the United States, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 years of national hospitalization data associated with gastroenteritis and used both direct and indirect methods to estimate the percentage of cases associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
During 1993-2002, an average of 18% of all hospitalizations with gastroenteritis among children <5 years old were associated with rotavirus infection as determined by the rotavirus-specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code. The annual proportion of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations increased from 15% in 1993-1995 to 21% in 2000-2002. Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus and those associated with nonspecific gastroenteritis had a marked winter-time seasonality and similar age distribution, which peaked among children between 3 and 24 months old. Using indirect estimation methods, 58,000 to 70,000 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations were estimated to occur each year in the United States.
Rotavirus gastroenteritis remains an important cause of hospitalizations in the United States, and the rate has not declined from 1993 through 2002.
在美国，轮状病毒肠胃炎仍是儿童的常见疾病，导致大量儿童住院、门诊就诊以及产生医疗费用。在发展中国家，它是发病的常见原因，且带来高昂的经济负担。预防住院是轮状病毒疫苗的主要目标。
为更新美国轮状病毒住院率的估计值，我们对10年的全国肠胃炎住院数据进行了回顾性分析，并使用直接和间接方法来估计与轮状病毒肠胃炎相关的病例百分比。
在1993 - 2002年期间，根据轮状病毒特异性的《国际疾病分类》第9版临床修订版编码确定，5岁以下儿童中，平均18%的肠胃炎住院病例与轮状病毒感染有关。轮状病毒相关住院病例的年度比例从1993 - 1995年的15%增至2000 - 2002年的21%。与轮状病毒相关的住院病例和与非特异性肠胃炎相关的住院病例具有明显的冬季季节性，且年龄分布相似，在3至24个月大的儿童中达到峰值。使用间接估计方法，美国每年估计发生58,000至70,000例与轮状病毒相关的住院病例。
轮状病毒肠胃炎仍是美国住院的重要原因，且从1993年至2002年发病率并未下降。
