Ho Dean, Garcia Dan, Ho Chih-Ming
Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles 90095-1597, USA.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2006 Apr;6(4):875-91. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2006.173.
In the next decade or two, the feature size of microelectronic devices will continue to decrease and is eventually expected to reach fabrication and material limits. With the field of microelectronics rapidly approaching the end of its roadmap, the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) was created for the purpose of creating new technologies and to maintain the momentum of continuous scientific and technological progress. Primarily, the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology aim to synthesize, characterize, apply, and control macro functional molecules and consist of three areas. First, the area of bio-nanotechnologies concerns that of biological molecules such as DNA, the molecule that serves as the blueprint of all living organisms. Harnessing the intrinsic functionality of these nano-sized biological molecules, i.e., DNA/RNA and proteins, will yield enormous potential for a wide array of applications (biomedical, energy, sensing, etc.) Second, diminishing electronic device feature sizes has spurred the development of new techniques for nanoelectronics and has emerged as a critical area of research. Third, these macro functional molecules possess rich potential for various new nanomaterials that have applications in bio-nano and nanoelectronics industries. Given the range of devices and applications that may be generated and addressed, respectively, through the fruition of these areas, development of novel and advanced core characterization and nanomanufacturing technologies will serve as a requisite strategy toward the realization of the potential underlying nanotechnological development. As such, this review will address how these novel technologies will be used to achieve a true coalescence of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This, in turn, will ultimately benefit the human condition by using the building blocks and fundamental findings of nanoscience to develop systems based on the fusion of biology, nanotechnology, and informatics, with embedded intelligence and emergent behavior.
在未来的一二十年里，微电子设备的特征尺寸将持续减小，最终预计会达到制造和材料的极限。随着微电子领域迅速接近其路线图的终点，美国国家纳米技术计划（NNI）应运而生，旨在创造新技术并保持持续的科技进步势头。纳米科学和纳米技术领域主要致力于合成、表征、应用和控制宏观功能分子，它由三个领域组成。首先，生物纳米技术领域涉及生物分子，如作为所有生物体蓝图的DNA分子。利用这些纳米级生物分子（即DNA/RNA和蛋白质）的内在功能，将为广泛的应用（生物医学、能源、传感等）带来巨大潜力。其次，电子设备特征尺寸的不断减小推动了纳米电子新技术的发展，这已成为一个关键的研究领域。第三，这些宏观功能分子对于各种新型纳米材料具有丰富的潜力，这些纳米材料可应用于生物纳米和纳米电子行业。鉴于通过这些领域的成果可能分别产生和涉及的一系列设备和应用，开发新颖和先进的核心表征及纳米制造技术将成为实现纳米技术发展潜在价值的必要策略。因此，本综述将探讨如何利用这些新技术实现纳米科学与纳米技术的真正融合。反过来，这最终将通过利用纳米科学的基础构建块和基本发现来开发基于生物学、纳米技术和信息学融合的系统，并具备嵌入式智能和涌现行为，从而造福人类。
