Yates S R
USDA-ARS, GEBJ Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 May 15;40(10):3223-8. doi: 10.1021/es060186n.
A field experiment was conducted to measure surface dissipation and volatilization of the herbicide triallate after application to bare soil using micrometeorological, chamber, and soil-loss methods. The volatilization rate was measured continuously for 6.5 days and the range in the daily peak values for the integrated horizontal flux method was from 32.4 (day 5) to 235.2 g ha(-1) d(-1) (day 1), for the theoretical profile shape method was from 31.5 to 213.0 g ha(-1) d(-1), and for the flux chamber was from 15.7 to 47.8 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil samples were taken within 30 min after application and the measured mass of triallate was 8.75 kg ha(-1). The measured triallate mass in the soil at the end of the experiment was approximately 6 kg ha(-1). The triallate dissipation rate, obtained by soil sampling, was approximately 334 g ha(-1) d(-1) (98 g d(-1)) and the average rate of volatilization was 361 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil sampling at the end of the experiment showed that approximately 31% (0.803 kg/2.56 kg) of the triallate mass was lost from the soil. Significant volatilization of triallate is possible when applied directly to the soil surface without incorporation.
进行了一项田间试验，采用微气象学、气室和土壤流失法，测量除草剂野麦畏施用于裸土后的地表消散和挥发情况。连续6.5天测量挥发速率，综合水平通量法的日峰值范围为32.4（第5天）至235.2克/公顷·天（第1天），理论剖面形状法为31.5至213.0克/公顷·天，通量气室法为15.7至47.8克/公顷·天。施药后30分钟内采集土壤样本，测得野麦畏质量为8.75千克/公顷。试验结束时测得土壤中的野麦畏质量约为6千克/公顷。通过土壤采样获得的野麦畏消散速率约为334克/公顷·天（98克/天），平均挥发速率为361克/公顷·天。试验结束时的土壤采样表明，约31%（0.803千克/2.56千克）的野麦畏质量从土壤中流失。当直接施用于土壤表面而不混入土壤时，野麦畏有可能发生显著挥发。
