Tull Matthew T, Gratz Kim L, Lacroce Donna M
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Cogn Behav Ther. 2006;35(2):74-87. doi: 10.1080/16506070500466733.
Panic attacks and depression frequently co-occur, and the presence of this co-morbidity is often associated with worse outcomes compared with each disorder alone. Despite this, not everyone who experiences panic attacks also suffers from depression, suggesting that individual difference factors may play a role in this co-morbidity. The purpose of this study was to provide a preliminary investigation of two such individual difference factors, examining the role of anxiety sensitivity and lack of emotional approach coping in depressive symptom severity among a non-clinical sample of uncued panickers. A sample of 79 college students reporting the occurrence of uncued panic attacks within the past year completed a series of questionnaires assessing the lower-order factors of anxiety sensitivity, emotional approach coping, panic attack frequency, panic-related disability, panic symptom severity and depressive symptom severity. Participants with more severe depressive symptoms reported greater anxiety sensitivity, panic attack frequency, panic symptom severity, panic-related disability and lack of emotional approach coping. The particular anxiety sensitivity dimension of fear of cognitive dyscontrol and lack of emotional approach coping emerged as the best predictors of depressive symptom severity. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the improved understanding of this co-morbidity, as well as its treatment.
惊恐发作和抑郁症经常同时出现，与单独的每种疾病相比，这种共病情况往往与更糟糕的结果相关。尽管如此，并非每个经历惊恐发作的人都会患上抑郁症，这表明个体差异因素可能在这种共病中起作用。本研究的目的是对两个这样的个体差异因素进行初步调查，考察焦虑敏感性和缺乏情绪应对方式在无提示惊恐发作者的非临床样本中对抑郁症状严重程度的作用。79名报告在过去一年中出现无提示惊恐发作的大学生样本完成了一系列问卷，评估焦虑敏感性、情绪应对方式、惊恐发作频率、惊恐相关残疾、惊恐症状严重程度和抑郁症状严重程度的低阶因素。抑郁症状更严重的参与者报告了更高的焦虑敏感性、惊恐发作频率、惊恐症状严重程度、惊恐相关残疾以及缺乏情绪应对方式。对认知失控的恐惧这一特定的焦虑敏感性维度和缺乏情绪应对方式是抑郁症状严重程度的最佳预测指标。讨论了这些发现对更好地理解这种共病及其治疗的意义。
