Levin R H
Division of Clinical Pharmacy, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, California.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1991 Jun;26(2):263-72.
Most pediatric patients requiring medication to prevent or treat asthmatic symptoms require only the use of inhaled beta 2 agonists. Children younger than 6 years old usually require use of the nebulized or oral forms of beta 2 agonists. Theophylline or cromolyn is added as a second-line agent to the regimens of children who need an additional agent. Anticholinergic agents are added as third-line agents for resistant cases of asthma. Inhaled and oral steroids are reserved for resistant cases of childhood chronic asthma, even though adults frequently are given inhaled steroids as second-line agents. Parenteral steroids are used for the treatment of status asthmaticus.
大多数需要药物预防或治疗哮喘症状的儿科患者仅需使用吸入型β2激动剂。6岁以下儿童通常需要使用雾化或口服形式的β2激动剂。对于需要额外药物的儿童，茶碱或色甘酸钠作为二线药物添加到治疗方案中。抗胆碱能药物作为三线药物用于哮喘难治性病例。吸入和口服类固醇仅用于儿童慢性哮喘难治性病例，尽管成人经常将吸入类固醇作为二线药物使用。胃肠外类固醇用于治疗哮喘持续状态。
